“…Additionally, plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamases and, even more alarming, carbapenemases are leading to a worsening of the situation in both human and veterinary medicine (13). Although the resistant bacteria were initially observed in human samples, an increase in the detection of ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli in animals, such as pigs (9,14), horses (15), cattle, dogs, cats (4,15), fish (16), and, particularly, broiler chickens, has been reported worldwide (3,8,12,14). The gastrointestinal tract of healthy broilers may be an important reservoir for these beta-lactamase-producing bacteria (11).…”