Prevalence and clinical characteristics of CMV coinfection among HIV infected individuals in Guinea‐Bissau: a cross‐sectional study

Grønborg, Helene Ladefoged; Jespersen, Sanne; Egedal, Johanne H; Correia, Faustino Gomes; Medina, Candida; Krarup, Henrik; Hønge, Bo Langhoff; Wejse, Christian

doi:10.1111/tmi.13082

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…CMV retinitis was detected at a lower level, between 0 and 2.6%. In the study, CMV viremia was found to be correlated with a significantly lower CD4+ cell count and an increase in activated and apoptosis-sensitive T lymphocytes [26,27]. Zhao et al found the overall positivity rate of CMV infection to be 29.5% in 808 HIV/AIDS patients and emphasized that a low CD4 T lymphocyte count and high HIV-1 viral load may be risk factors in these patients [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Distribution of Opportunistic Pathogens in People Living with HIV at a University Hospital in Istanbul over a One-Year Treatment Period and Its Association with CD4 T Cell Counts

Kirkoyun Uysal,

Koksal,

Sarsar

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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Among sexually transmitted diseases, HIV causes very serious clinical manifestations that can lead to death. As a result, millions of people have to live with this problem that threatens their health. The virus attacks the immune system of the host, especially CD4+ T lymphocytes, causing the suppression of the immune system. CD4, CD8 counts, and HIV RNA viral loads are monitored in HIV-infected patients with antiretroviral treatment, and CD4 counts play an important role in determining the effectiveness of the treatment. Despite the advances in treatment in the present day, opportunistic infections are the main cause of morbidity and mortality in these patients, and the evaluation of immunological parameters is valuable for the prognosis of the disease in this process. In the present study, the purpose was to investigate the opportunistic infections faced by naive HIV-positive patients who applied to our laboratory and were diagnosed between 2019 and 2022 during their one-year treatment period, and the correlation of the immunological parameters was also evaluated retrospectively using the hospital automation system and laboratory data. A total of 107 opportunistic causative microorganisms were identified in 87 of the 230 HIV-positive patients over one year. T. pallidum was detected in 43 (18.6%) of these patients, Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in 32 (13.9%), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) in 9 (3.9%), Hepatitis B virus (HBV) in 10 (4.3%), C. albicans in 7 (3%), M. tuberculosis in 3 (1.3%), Hepatitis C virus (HCV) in 2 (0.8%), and C. glabrata in 1 (0.4%) patient. Although mono-agent co-infections were determined in 69 of 87 people living with HIV, two-agent co-infections were detected in 16 HIV patients, and three-agent co-infections were identified in two HIV patients. Considering the correlation between the CD4/CD8 ratio and infection positivity, a moderate negative correlation was determined with HIV RNA viral load and CMV infection. The CD4/CD8 ratio had a low negative correlation with EBV and C. albicans infections. It was also found that the follow-up of HIV RNA load in the diagnosis of T. pallidum, CMV, EBV, and C. albicans may be meaningful. Opportunistic infections mainly affect immunosuppressed patients and can be prevented with effective treatment. Although it is already known that HIV patients may face different infections during their treatment, it was concluded that more attention should be paid to T. pallidum, CMV, EBV, and C. albicans agents. These infections should be routinely monitored with HIV viral load and the CD4/CD8 ratio.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Distribution of Opportunistic Pathogens in People Living with HIV at a University Hospital in Istanbul over a One-Year Treatment Period and Its Association with CD4 T Cell Counts

Kirkoyun Uysal,

Koksal,

Sarsar

et al. 2023

Pathogens

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“…CD28 − CD57 + CD8 + T-cells are believed to approach end-stage senescence [ 46 ]. Moreover, in general, nearly all HIV-infected people are also infected with cytomegalovirus (CMV) [ 47 , 48 ]. Several studies demonstrated that a persistent CMV infection, possibly acquired prior to HIV, also plays a substantial role in accelerating immunosenescence [ 47 , 49 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune markers and microbial factors are related with periodontitis severity in people with HIV

et al. 2022

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Objective The objective of the study is to assess systemic immune markers and microbial factors related to periodontitis severity in people living with HIV. Methods Eighty people living with HIV (PLWH), who exhibited in the last two viral load measurements < 40 copies/mL, underwent full-mouth periodontal examinations and sub-gingival plaque sampling. Periodontitis was classified according to the CDC-AAP case definition. Inflammation, immune-activation, and immunosenescence markers were assessed, microbiological analyses were performed, and oral care routines and HIV characteristics were noted. Results From our group of PLWH, 42.5% and 57.5% suffered from moderate and severe periodontitis, respectively. Oral care habits did not differ between PLWH with moderate and severe periodontitis. Bacterial subgingival plaque loads were higher, and Porphyromonas gingivalis was more prevalent in PLWH with severe periodontitis than with moderate periodontitis (53% vs 7%, respectively). Mean C-reactive protein levels [CRP, 1.6 mg/L versus 0.8 mg/L, p = 0.020] and percentages of senescent CD28-CD57 + CD8 + T-cells in peripheral blood [16.5 versus 8.9, p = 0.035] were higher with severe periodontitis. Infection duration, CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio and type of antiretroviral therapy did not differ between both groups. Conclusions Periodontitis severity is related to increased prevalence of Porphyromonas gingivalis, elevated CRP levels, and higher frequencies of circulating CD8 + senescent cells in PLWH.

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Cohort Profile Update: The Bissau HIV Cohort—a cohort of HIV-1, HIV-2 and co-infected patients

Dutschke

Nanque

Jensen

et al. 2023

International Journal of Epidemiology

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Prevalence and clinical characteristics of CMV coinfection among HIV infected individuals in Guinea‐Bissau: a cross‐sectional study

Abstract: CMV coinfection was detected among all enrolled patients and CMV viraemia was highly prevalent. Only age and upper gastrointestinal complaints were associated with the patients' CMV status.

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

Distribution of Opportunistic Pathogens in People Living with HIV at a University Hospital in Istanbul over a One-Year Treatment Period and Its Association with CD4 T Cell Counts

Distribution of Opportunistic Pathogens in People Living with HIV at a University Hospital in Istanbul over a One-Year Treatment Period and Its Association with CD4 T Cell Counts

Immune markers and microbial factors are related with periodontitis severity in people with HIV

Cohort Profile Update: The Bissau HIV Cohort—a cohort of HIV-1, HIV-2 and co-infected patients

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