Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Black Africans

Baldo, Marcelo Perim; Gonçalves, Mauer; Capingana, Daniel P.; Magalhães, Pedro; Silva, Amilcar B Tomé da; Mill, José Geraldo

doi:10.1007/s40292-018-0267-y

Cited by 12 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…It has been reported that blacks are more likely to develop LVH than whites in the United States 23 . The studies on black populations living in Africa show that the overall prevalence of LVH in Gambia was 41% 24 , 62% in Cameroon 25 , and 41% in Angola 26 .Our study indicated that the prevalence of LVH in Ghana (~6%) is significantly lower than that in other African countries. Further studies with comprehensive comparison of sociodemographic and cultural factors in Ghana versus the other African countries are warranted.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Cardiometabolic risk factors and preclinical target organ damage among adults in Ghana: Findings from a national study

Owusu

Geng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) has the highest prevalence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Nevertheless, very few studies have directly examined the development of and risk factors for CVD among Africans. Objective: To examine CVD risk factors and outcomes particularly in the early stage of CVD development among adults in Ghana. Methods: Using a stratified multistage random sampling method, 1,106 participants were recruited as a nationally representative sample of the general population ≥18 years in Ghana from 2016 to 2017. For each participant, we measured CVD risk factors and preclinical target organ damage (TOD) for CVD development. Results: The prevalence of CVD risk factors was 21.1% for obesity, 10.8% for diabetes, 55.4% for hypertension, 37.3% for dyslipidemia, 12.8% for hyperuricemia, and 39.3% for hsCRP>3 mg/L in the recruited population. The prevalence of preclinical TOD was 8.6% for peripheral artery disease (PAD), 14.7% for carotid thickening, 5.9% for left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and 4.4% for chronic kidney disease (CKD). Three CVD risk factors appeared to play most prominent roles in TOD development, including obesity for PAD (OR 1.88, 95% CI 1.13, 3.09), hypertension for carotid thickening (OR 1.57, 95% CI 0.99, 2.54) and LVH (OR 6.25, 95% CI 2.98, 14.50), and hyperuricemia for CKD (OR 5.56, 95% CI 2.79, 11.15). Conclusions: The prevalence of CVD risk factors and early outcomes have reached epidemic proportions among Ghanaian adults. The distinct patterns of risk factors in the development of TOD presents important challenges and opportunities for interventions to improve cardiometabolic health among adults in Ghana.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 48%

Cardiometabolic risk factors and preclinical target organ damage among adults in Ghana: Findings from a national study

Owusu

Geng

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…14 In the present analysis, increased LVMI was the only CV parameter that disproportionately affected African American children across both the nonglomerular and the glomerular CKD groups. Studies have previously reported higher LVMI among African Americans than other racial and ethnic groups, [15][16][17][18] as well as high prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) among Black individuals living in Africa, 19 however the cause is not known. It has been posited that higher rates of LVH among African Americans may be related to psychosocial stress imposed by socioeconomic disparities and perceived racism.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Health in African American Children With CKD: An Analysis of the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study

Sgambat

Roem

Brady

et al. 2021

American Journal of Kidney Diseases

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“…This was a cross-sectional study conducted among untreated hypertensives, diabetic patients and normal individuals who participated in studies that were done to determine prevalence and functional consequences of echocardiographically determined LVH at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. 9,10,30 The present analysis include all adult (≥18 years) participants for whom an electrocardiogram was also recorded at the time of echocardiogram examination.…”

Section: Study Design and Populationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] The existence of LVH in hypertensive, diabetic or even the general population has therefore important implications for assessing risk and for management with regards to decision making on interventions and/or medications to be used. 8 LVH has been found to be highly prevalent among hypertensive and diabetic blacks in Africa and in the USA, [9][10][11][12] which could partly explain the increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality seen in blacks. 13,14 It is therefore especially important to accurately diagnose LVH in these populations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensitivity and Specificity of an Electrocardiogram to Detect Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in a Sample of 326 Tanzanian Adults: Differences in Men and Women

Chillo¹

2021

RRCC

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Background: Although an electrocardiogram (ECG) is often used as the only tool to detect left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in many out-patient clinics in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), its sensitivity has been reported to be low especially among black populations, and several studies have reported gender differences. These observations have however not been widely studied among SSA blacks. Aim: To study the sensitivity and specificity of the ECG in detecting echocardiographic LVH in a sample of native adult Tanzanians. Methods: Echocardiography and 12-lead resting ECGs were performed in Tanzanian adults who participated in studies to determine the prevalence and functional consequences of abnormal left ventricular geometry in out-patients with hypertension and diabetes. ECG-LVH was determined using Sokolow-Lyon (S-L) and Cornell product (C-P) criteria, and compared with echocardiographic LVH. Results: In total, 326/425 (76.7%) participants of the original cohort had both ECG and echocardiogram measurements, and were included in this analysis. Echocardiographic LVH was present in 23.7% and 26.2% of men and women, respectively, while ECG-LVH was detected by S-L in 36.3% of men and 17.3% of women, and by C-P criteria in 20% of men and in 30.4% of women. The sensitivity [95% CI] and specificity [95% CI] of the S-L criteria was 43.8% [26.8-62.1%] and 66.0% [55.9-74.9%] in men while it was 36% [23.3-50.9%] and 89% [82.8-93.7%] in women, respectively. For the C-P criteria, the sensitivity and specificity were 43.8% [26.8-62.1%] and 87.4% [79.0-92.8%] in men and 60% [45.2-73.3%] and 80.1% [89.7-97.8%] in women, respectively. Conclusion:The sensitivity of the ECG to detect LVH is low in this population, but better than that found in many white populations. Men and women have differences in the sensitivity of the different ECG criteria, with men performing better with S-L and women with C-P criteria. These differences should be considered when including or excluding cases with ECG-LVH in our populations.

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Prevalence and Clinical Correlates of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Black Africans

Abstract: In summary, blood pressure levels were the main determinants of LVH in black Africans, although different anthropometric variables showed mild influence in LVM. Our data suggests that LVH prevalence and determinants in black Africans are similar to that reported for African-Americans.

Cited by 12 publications

References 38 publications

Cardiometabolic risk factors and preclinical target organ damage among adults in Ghana: Findings from a national study

Cardiometabolic risk factors and preclinical target organ damage among adults in Ghana: Findings from a national study

Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Health in African American Children With CKD: An Analysis of the Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) Study

Sensitivity and Specificity of an Electrocardiogram to Detect Echocardiographic Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in a Sample of 326 Tanzanian Adults: Differences in Men and Women

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