Prevalence and Clinical Spectrum of Gastroesophageal Reflux: A Population-Based Study in Asan-si, Korea

Cho, Young-Seok; Choi, Moon-Gi; Jeong, Jeong-Jo; Chung, Woo-Chul; Lee, In-Seok; Kim, Sang Woo; Han, Sok-Won; Choi, Kyung-Chul; Chung, In‐Sik

doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.2005.41245.x

Cited by 180 publications

(195 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…21 However, clinical symptoms and the prevalence of GERD increase with aging. 25 Fujiwara et al 26 have reported similar results. In our study, the prevalence of GERD was not affected by aging in peritoneal dialysis patients, while it was related to aging in hemodialysis patients.…”

Section: 송현정 등 만성 신부전 환자에서 복막 투석과 혈액 투석에 따른 역류성 식도질환의 비교supporting

confidence: 71%

Is There a Difference in the Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease between Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis Patients?

Song

Kim

Lee

et al. 2013

Korean J Gastroenterol

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Section: 송현정 등 만성 신부전 환자에서 복막 투석과 혈액 투석에 따른 역류성 식도질환의 비교supporting

confidence: 71%

Is There a Difference in the Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease between Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis Patients?

Song

Kim

Lee

et al. 2013

Korean J Gastroenterol

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“…24 There was no significant difference in the prevalence of GERD (defined as heartburn and/or acid regurgitation experienced at least weekly) between the sexes of Koreans (3.5% for men vs 3.5% for women). 24 A study performed in South China also did not show difference in age-adjusted prevalence of GERD symptoms either between males and females (2.6% vs 2.4%). 25 …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sex and Gender Differences in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Kim

2016

J Neurogastroenterol Motil

125

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It is important to understand sex and gender-related differences in gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) because gender-related biologic factors might lead to better prevention and therapy. Non-erosive reflux disease (NERD) affects more women than men. GERD symptoms are more frequent in patients with NERD than in those with reflux esophagitis. However, men suffer pathologic diseases such as reflux esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus (BE), and esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) more frequently than women. The prevalence of reflux esophagitis is significantly increased with age in women, especially after their 50s. The mean age of EAC incidence in women is higher than in men, suggesting a role of estrogen in delaying the onset of BE and EAC. In a chronic rat reflux esophagitis model, nitric oxide was found to be an aggravating factor of esophageal injury in a male-predominant way. In addition, the expression of esophageal occludin, a tight junction protein that plays an important role in the esophageal defense mechanism, was up-regulated in women. This explains the male predominance of reflux esophagitis and delayed incidence of BE or EAC in women. Moreover, the symptoms such as heartburn, regurgitation, and extra-esophageal symptoms have been more frequently reported by women than by men, suggesting that sex and gender play a role in symptom perception. Differential sensitivity with augmented symptoms in women might have diagnostic and therapeutic influence. Furthermore, recent studies have suggested that hormone replacement therapy has a protective effect against esophageal cancer. However, an anti-inflammatory role of estrogen remains compelling, which means further study is necessary in this area.

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“…Several populationbased studies have reported its prevalence is more frequent in Western [7][8][9][10] than in Eastern countries [11,12] . According to the reports from the Ministry of Health and Welfare in 1994, the incidence of heartburn in Japan was only about 2% of the population who complained of symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in a large unselected general population in Japan

Yamagishi¹,

Koike²,

Ohara³

et al. 2008

WJG

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AIM:To examine the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms in a large unselected general population in Japan. METHODS:In Japan, mature adults are offered regular check-ups for the prevention of gastric cancer. A notice was sent by mail to all inhabitants aged > 40 years. A total of 160 983 Japanese (60 774 male, 100 209 female; mean age 61.9 years) who underwent a stomach check up were enrolled in this study. In addition, from these 160 983 subjects, we randomly selected a total of 82 894 (34 275 male, 48 619 female; mean age 62.4 years) to evaluate the prevalence of abdominal pain. The respective subjects were prospectively asked to complete questionnaires concerning the symptoms of heartburn, dysphagia, and abdominal pain for a 1 mo period. RESULTS:The respective prevalences of the symptoms in males and females were: heartburn, 15.8% vs 20.7%; dysphagia, 5.4% vs 7.8%; and abdominal pain, 6.6% vs 9.6%. Among these symptoms, heartburn was significantly high compared with the other symptoms, and the prevalence of heartburn was significantly more frequent in females than in males in the 60-89-year age group. Dysphagia was also significantly more frequent in female patients. CONCLUSION:The prevalence of typical G ERD symptoms (heartburn) was high, at about 20% of the Japan population, and the frequency was especially high in females in the 60-89 year age group.

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Prevalence and Clinical Spectrum of Gastroesophageal Reflux: A Population-Based Study in Asan-si, Korea

Abstract: The prevalence of GERD was 3.5% in this Korean population. Heartburn and acid regurgitation were significantly associated with chest pain, dysphagia, globus sensation, hoarseness, and asthma.

Cited by 180 publications

References 26 publications

Is There a Difference in the Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease between Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis Patients?

Is There a Difference in the Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease between Peritoneal Dialysis and Hemodialysis Patients?

Sex and Gender Differences in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

Prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux symptoms in a large unselected general population in Japan

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