Prevalence and comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder in Spain: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Catalá-López, Ferrán; Ridao, Manuel; Hurtado, Isabel; Núñez-Beltrán, Amparo; Gènova-Maleras, Ricard; Alonso-Arroyo, Adolfo; Tobías, Aurelio; Benavent, Rafael Aleixandre; Catalá, Miguel; Tabarés‐Seisdedos, Rafael

doi:10.1186/s13643-019-1061-1

Cited by 14 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…This disorder affects more boys than girls in a ratio close to 3:1 [2]. There has been a significant increase in the prevalence of ASD over the decades, it is currently estimated to affect 1% of the general population [3]. The most recent Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study in 2016 estimates 62.2 million individuals live with ASD globally [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Revolutionizing Approach to Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the Microbiome

et al. 2020

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The study of human microbiota and health has emerged as one of the ubiquitous research pursuits in recent decades which certainly warrants the attention of both researchers and clinicians. Many health conditions have been linked to the gut microbiota which is the largest reservoir of microbes in the human body. Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the neurodevelopmental disorders which has been extensively explored in relation to gut microbiome. The utilization of microbial knowledge promises a more integrative perspective in understanding this disorder, albeit being an emerging field in research. More interestingly, oral and vaginal microbiomes, indicating possible maternal influence, have equally drawn the attention of researchers to study their potential roles in the etiopathology of ASD. Therefore, this review attempts to integrate the knowledge of microbiome and its significance in relation to ASD including the hypothetical aetiology of ASD and its commonly associated comorbidities. The microbiota-based interventions including diet, prebiotics, probiotics, antibiotics, and faecal microbial transplant (FMT) have also been explored in relation to ASD. Of these, diet and probiotics are seemingly promising breakthrough interventions in the context of ASD for lesser known side effects, feasibility and easier administration, although more studies are needed to ascertain the actual clinical efficacy of these interventions. The existing knowledge and research gaps call for a more expanded and resolute research efforts in establishing the relationship between autism and microbiomes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Revolutionizing Approach to Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the Microbiome

et al. 2020

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“…Recording of reported ASD diagnosis from the parents or teachers. This methodology was employed in the National Survey of Health in the USA [ 43 , 44 ], and in studies in Sweden [ 35 ], Spain [ 45 ] and Scotland (using a question included in the 2011 Census [ 46 ]).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the references above cite many European studies, it may be noted that few of these refer to Mediterranean Europe and Southern Europe in general, with the exception of some studies in Spain [ 12 , 39 , 45 , 48 ], Italy [ 49 , 50 , 51 ] and Southern France [ 36 ]. In particular, no large-scale epidemiological study of ASD prevalence has been conducted in Greece previously.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Autism Spectrum Disorders in Greece: Nationwide Prevalence in 10–11 Year-Old Children and Regional Disparities

Thomaidis

Mavroeidi

Richardson

et al. 2020

JCM

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) constitute a public health concern with increasing prevalence worldwide. We aimed to estimate prevalence and age at diagnosis in Greece, where no large-scale prevalence study has ever been conducted. Aggregate data were collected on ASD diagnoses by gender and calendar year of diagnosis up to 2019, for children born in 2008 and 2009, from the Centers for Educational and Counseling Support, which evaluate children to receive special educational support in school. Coverage was 87.1% of centers and 88.1% of schoolchildren born in 2008–9. ASD prevalence overall was 1.15% (1.83% males, 0.44% females; ratio 4.14:1), ranging from 0.59% to 1.50% in Greece’s 13 regions. In five regions, prevalence differed significantly between centers. Overall, only 3.8% of diagnoses were made before the fourth year after birth and 42.7% before the sixth year, with considerable variation between regions. Approximate mean age at diagnosis was six years and one month, and about three months earlier for girls than for boys. Our results provide evidence-based information to guide service planning and development at national and regional levels. Particular attention should be paid to smoothing out inequalities regarding service accessibility and provision. Emphasis should be given to earlier identification and diagnosis of ASD.

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“…The prevalence of ASD has been steadily increasing over the past decades. Currently, 1% of the general population is affected by ASD [216]. The causes of autism are still poorly defined.…”

Section: Autism Spectrum Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Microbiota: A Major Player in the Diagnosis of Systemic Diseases

et al. 2021

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The oral cavity is host to a complex and diverse microbiota community which plays an important role in health and disease. Major oral infections, i.e., caries and periodontal diseases, are both responsible for and induced by oral microbiota dysbiosis. This dysbiosis is known to have an impact on other chronic systemic diseases, whether triggering or aggravating them, making the oral microbiota a novel target in diagnosing, following, and treating systemic diseases. In this review, we summarize the major roles that oral microbiota can play in systemic disease development and aggravation and also how novel tools can help investigate this complex ecosystem. Finally, we describe new therapeutic approaches based on oral bacterial recolonization or host modulation therapies. Collaboration in diagnosis and treatment between oral specialists and general health specialists is of key importance in bridging oral and systemic health and disease and improving patients' wellbeing.

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Prevalence and comorbidity of autism spectrum disorder in Spain: study protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies

Cited by 14 publications

References 61 publications

A Revolutionizing Approach to Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the Microbiome

A Revolutionizing Approach to Autism Spectrum Disorder Using the Microbiome

Autism Spectrum Disorders in Greece: Nationwide Prevalence in 10–11 Year-Old Children and Regional Disparities

Oral Microbiota: A Major Player in the Diagnosis of Systemic Diseases

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