Prevalence and correlates of carotid plaque in a mixed HIV-serostatus cohort in Uganda

Bibangambah, Prossy; Hemphill, Linda; Acan, Moses; Tsai, Alexander C.; Sentongo, Ruth; Kim, June-Ho; Yang, Isabelle T.; Siedner, Mark J.; Okello, Samson

doi:10.1186/s12872-021-02416-5

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 33 publications

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“…We found that being HIV positive on ART was associated with 3.78 times higher odds of CA. This is similar to the ndings of other researchers [50,51]. There is evidence that HIV infection promotes in ammatory processes in humans and accelerates atherogenesis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Carotid Atherosclerosis and its Correlation with ApoB/ApoA-I and Non-HDL-c/HDL-c Ratios among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southwestern Uganda

Saasita

Kaddumukasa

Najjuma

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses an increased risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) through atherosclerosis. The apolipoprotein B (apoB)/apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) (ApoB/ApoA-I) ratio is a powerful predictor of atherosclerotic CVD and is associated with carotid atherosclerosis (CA) in T2DM; however, this association had never been studied in our setting. This study set out to determine the prevalence of CA and its correlation with ApoB/ApoA-I and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c)/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-c/HDL-c) ratios among patients with T2DM in Southwestern Uganda. Methods: A cross-sectional study conducted at Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital included 212 ambulatory patients with T2DM aged ≥40 years. Socio-demographic, clinical, and behavioral characteristics were determined. Fasting blood samples were collected for measuring serum glucose, Apo B, Apo A-I, and the routine lipid profile. The apoB/apoA-I ratio and the non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio were calculated. Carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) was measured bilaterally at three points by high-resolution B-mode ultrasound. A mean value of six measurements from the right and left carotid arteries was used as a measure of CIMT. Carotid atherosclerosis was defined as a mean CIMT≥1.0 mm. A stepwise multivariate regression analysis and Pearson’s correlation were used to assess the association and correlation of CIMT with clinical factors, apoB/apoA-I, and non-HDL/HDL-c ratios. Results: The prevalence of CA was 35.9%. Age ≥55 years (OR 3.1; 95% CI:1.4 – 7.1; p<007) and age ≥ 65 years (OR 10.2; 95% CI: 3.5–29.5; p-< 0.001), coinfection with HIV (OR 3.8; 95% CI: 1.1–12.5; p-value = 0.030), high waist circumference (OR 2.7; 95% CI: 1.2 – 6.5; p-value = 0.022) and non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio ≥ 4 (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.0–8.5; p = 0.045) were associated with CA. The apoB/apoA-I ratio was elevated among T2DM patients with CA, but was not significantly associated with CA (OR 1.0; 95% CI: 0.4 – 2.5, p= 0.25). The optimal non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio cutoff value for detecting CA was 3.39 (a sensitivity of 60.53% and a specificity of 54.41%). Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of CA among patients with T2DM. The non-HDL-c/HDL-c ratio was significantly associated with high CIMT but not the apoB/apoA-I ratio.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Carotid Atherosclerosis and its Correlation with ApoB/ApoA-I and Non-HDL-c/HDL-c Ratios among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southwestern Uganda

Saasita

Kaddumukasa

Najjuma

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Prediction of physical activity and nutritional behaviors based on social cognitive theory in middle-aged population at risk of coronary artery disease in Bandar Abbas

Rad,

Hosseini,

Mohseni

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the most common cardiovascular disease and the main cause of mortality in developing countries. Since physical activity and nutritional behaviors are modifiable risk factors in people at risk of CAD, the present study aims to explore the effect of an intervention based on the social cognitive theory (SCT) on physical activity and nutritional behaviors in middle-aged population at risk of CAD in the city of Bandar Abbas. The present cross-sectional study was conducted on 519 middle-aged subjects who visited the healthcare centers in Bandar Abbas, southern Iran, in 2023. The sampling was simple randomization. The data were collected using the general physical activity questionnaire, nutritional behavior questionnaire and a questionnaire based on the social cognitive theory (SCT). Descriptive statistics were used to describe the demographic features of the sample. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between the variables of study. Multiple linear regression was used to test the effect of the SCT constructs on physical activity and nutrition behaviors. All statistical analyses and hypothesis testing were done in SPSS 21, at a significance level of 0.05. A total number of 519 subjects participated in this study, whose average age was 44.23 ± 7.14 years. The results of Pearson correlation test showed a statistically significant positive correlation between nutritional behaviors and the constructs of self-efficacy, collective efficacy, outcome expectations, observational learning, normative beliefs, barriers and opportunities, reinforcement and punishment, and behavioral intention. There was also a significant positive correlation between physical activity and self-efficacy, normative beliefs, social support and behavioral intention. Social support, self-efficacy, normative beliefs, observational learning, behavioral skills and knowledge were found to be the predictors of physical activity. Reinforcement and punishment, normative beliefs, collective efficacy, social support and barriers and opportunities were the predictors of nutritional behaviors in the middle-aged population. As the results of the study showed, it is suggested to increase physical activity in the middle-aged population at risk of CAD using appropriate strategies to strengthen social support through family and friends, improve self-efficacy, identify positive and negative normative beliefs. Plans should be made to improve observational learning, increase behavioral skills, and increase knowledge to improve nutritional behaviors, use appropriate strategies to provide timely and appropriate rewards and punishments, identify and strengthen positive normative beliefs, improve collective efficacy, and increase social support. To this aim, families and other individuals around the middle-aged population can help remove barriers and create opportunities.

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Markers of extracellular matrix degradation and inflammasome activation are associated with carotid plaques in virally suppressed people with HIV in Botswana

Ueland,

Nkele,

Hoel

et al. 2024

Aids

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Background: HIV is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. We investigated soluble markers of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling and inflammation in relation to presence of carotid plaques in a well-characterized adult cross-sectional study of people with HIV (PWH) and matched people without HIV in Botswana. Methods: Using enzyme immunoassays we analyzed plasma ECM remodeling mediators including Galectin-3 (GAL-3), Cystatin B (CysB) and Growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF-15) and the inflammatory marker IL-18 in 196 without HIV and 197 PWH of which 36 were ART-naïve. Results: We found i) PWH had higher plasma levels of the ECM markers GAL-3 and CysB and the NLRP3 inflammasome activation marker IL-18, mainly in ART naïve participants, ii) PWH on ART had markedly higher GDF-15, associated with use of first generation nucleoside analogs; iii) high levels of CysB and IL-18 correlated with presence of carotid plaques Conclusion: In PWH, high levels of CysB and IL-18 were associated with the presence of carotid plaques. For IL-18 this was observed in the study population as a whole, while the association for CysB was restricted to PWH.

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Prevalence and correlates of carotid plaque in a mixed HIV-serostatus cohort in Uganda

Cited by 3 publications

References 33 publications

Carotid Atherosclerosis and its Correlation with ApoB/ApoA-I and Non-HDL-c/HDL-c Ratios among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southwestern Uganda

Carotid Atherosclerosis and its Correlation with ApoB/ApoA-I and Non-HDL-c/HDL-c Ratios among Adults with Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study in Southwestern Uganda

Prediction of physical activity and nutritional behaviors based on social cognitive theory in middle-aged population at risk of coronary artery disease in Bandar Abbas

Markers of extracellular matrix degradation and inflammasome activation are associated with carotid plaques in virally suppressed people with HIV in Botswana

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