Prevalence and correlates of cervical HPV infection in a clinic-based sample of HIV-positive Hispanic women

Abstract

ObjectivesPuerto Rico (PR), is the fifth highest jurisdiction of the United States of America (US) with respect to HIV prevalence and the leading in cervical cancer incidence. This cross-sectional study describes the prevalence and correlates of cervical HPV infection among a clinic-based sample of 302 women living with HIV/AIDS in PR.MethodsData collection included questionnaires, blood and cervical samples. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the magnitude of association (adjusted Prevalence odds ratio [aPOR]) between HPV cervical infection and other covariates.ResultsMean age of participants was 40.3 years (± 10.3 SD). The prevalence of HPV infection was 50.3%; 41.1% for low-risk types and 29.5% for high-risk types. Having ≥ 10 lifetime sexual partners (aPOR = 2.10, 95% CI:1.02–4.29), an abnormal Pap (aPOR = 3.58, 95% CI:1.93–6.62), active genital warts (aPOR = 3.45, 95% CI:1.60–7.42), and CD4 counts ≤ 200 (aPOR = 4.24, 95% CI: 1.67–10.78) were positively associated with any cervical HPV infection. Similar results were observed for HR HPV infection.ConclusionsA high burden of HPV co-infection exists among women living with HIV/AIDS in this population. Given the high incidence of HIV in PR and the higher risk of cervical cancer among women living with HIV/AIDS, HPV vaccination should be promoted in this population.

Human papillomavirus prevalence, genomic diversity and related risk factors in HIV-positive women from a countryside city in the state of Rio de Janeiro

“…As in our study, Ortiz and colleagues showed that a high number of sexual partners and low CD4 count was associated with HPV infection. 19 Similar results were also found in other studies. 20 , 21 However, in most different studies, the variable age as a risk factor for HPV had a different cutoff; this varied from 30 years, in studies by Silva and colleagues 22 and Travassos and colleagues, 23 to 35 years, in studies by Silva Martins 18 and Chakravarty.…”

Content analysis of digital media coverage of the human papillomavirus vaccine school-entry requirement policy in Puerto Rico

“…High-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) are thought to be responsible for more than 90% of anal and cervical cancers, about 70% of vaginal, vulvar, and cancers of the oropharynx, and more than 60% of penile cancers [1]. Puerto Rico (PR), a United States (US) territory, have documented the burden of HPV infection and HPV-related cancers in this population [2][3][4]. Studies conducted has reported an increased risk of cervical cancer in this population (compared to mainland US), multiple barriers to cervical cancer screening [5,6], low awareness of HPV and the HPV vaccine [7], increasing trends of anal cancer [8,9] and a higher burden in the incidence and mortality from penile cancer in Puerto Rican men compared with other racial/ethnic groups in the US [10].…”

Content Analysis of Digital Media Coverage of the Human Papillomavirus Vaccine School-Entry Requirement Policy in Puerto Rico

“…High-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) cause 91% of cervical cancers and 63-93% of cancers of the vagina, vulva, penis, anus, rectum, and oropharynx (1).During the last decade, multiple studies in Puerto Rico (PR), a United States (US) territory, have documented the burden of HPV infection and HPVrelated cancers in this population (2)(3)(4). Major ndings included an increased risk of cervical cancer in this population compared to mainland US, multiple barriers to cervical cancer screening (5,6), low awareness of HPV and the HPV vaccine (7), increasing trends of anal cancer (8,9) and a higher burden in the incidence and mortality from penile cancer in Puerto Rican men compared with other racial/ethnic groups in the US (10).…”

“…Major ndings included an increased risk of cervical cancer in this population compared to mainland US, multiple barriers to cervical cancer screening (5,6), low awareness of HPV and the HPV vaccine (7), increasing trends of anal cancer (8,9) and a higher burden in the incidence and mortality from penile cancer in Puerto Rican men compared with other racial/ethnic groups in the US (10). The magnitude of these needs led to multiple efforts from academia, various local community coalitions, the medical community and other health professionals in PR, aiming to increase community engagement and capacity to reduce the burden of HPV-associated cancers (6,(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). All these accomplishments led to increases in vaccine uptake over time, and thus higher HPV vaccination rates in PR compared to mainland US.…”

“…School-entry requirements are an evidence-based strategy that has been proven effective for increasing coverage rates for other vaccines (22). In August 2018, PR became the 4 th US state or territory to adopt an HPV vaccine school-entry policy, requiring the HPV vaccine for school entrance for children aged [11][12] years, for implementation in August 2018. Three additional states and jurisdictions including Virginia (2008), Washington DC (2009) and Rhode Island (2015) had previously required the HPV vaccine for school entry, and Hawaii subsequently adopted a requirement as of July 2020; although the scope of all the policies enacted so far varies regarding sex, age and number of doses required (23).…”