Prevalence and correlates of high body mass index in rural Appalachian children aged 6-11 years

Abstract

In rural regions of the United States of America, estimates of pediatric obesity often exceed national averages. This problem may be particularly pronounced in Appalachian regions, where significant health and economic disparities abound. This study presents the findings of a body mass index (BMI) screening program for 6-11 year old children living in a rural Appalachian community. County-wide estimates of high BMI (≥85 th percentile) were obtained to understand the health status and needs of our pediatric community and to compare obesity prevalence rates with national averages. An additional aim was to identify subpopulations of children who may warrant clinical intervention due to demographic and behavioral risks factors of high BMI. Methods: A school-based BMI screening was conducted of 6-11 year old children in southeastern Ohio. Investigators collected 3 sets of height and weight measurements from approximately 2000 elementary school students between 2006 and 2007.Caregivers for a subset of this population also completed a health behaviors questionnaire.Results: Thirty-eight percent of children had high BMI, with 17% at risk for overweight and 20.9% overweight. Boys were 23% more likely than girls to be overweight (χ 2(1) = 95% CI = 1.08, 1.40) and 11% more likely to become overweight with each year of age (OR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.07, 1.15). Overweight children were more likely to view television, eat meals at school, and live with a caregiver who smokes.Conclusions: Consistent with expectations, prevalence of high BMI in this sample of rural Appalachian children exceeds national averages. Prevalence of overweight varied by age and sex; boys are particularly vulnerable to developing obesity, especially as © K Montgomery-Reagan, JA Bianco, V Heh, J Rettos, RS Huston, 2009. A licence to publish this material has been given to ARHEN http://www.rrh.org.au 2 they age. Preliminary survey data suggest that eating breakfast at home and at school and increased hours of television viewing may be associated with higher BMI, especially in younger boys.

Exposição Televisiva E Obesidade Infantil Das Crianças Dos 6 Aos 11 Anos. Que Relação? Revisão Sistemática Da Literatura

“…Para a recolha de dados da obesidade, as variáveis mais utilizadas foram a estatura, peso e IMC (n=9; 50%) (Bracale et al, 2013;Carandente et al, 2009;Decelis et al, 2014;Katzmarzyk et al, 2015;Lane et al, 2014;Liang et al, 2009;Luis et al, 2015;Mitchell et al, 2018;Montgomery-Reagan et al, 2009). Em três estudos, as variáveis usadas foram a estatura, peso, IMC e percentagem de gordura corporal.…”

“…Para a recolha de dados acerca da visualização da TV, o instrumento mais utilizado foi o questionário (n=17; 94,4%) (Borghese et al, 2015;Bracale et al, 2013;Carandente et al, 2009;Chaput et al, 2014;Decelis et al, 2014;Dutra et al, 2015;Heilmann et al, 2017;Novaes et al, 2009;Katzmarzyk et al, 2015;Lane et al, 2014;Liang et al, 2009;Luis et al, 2015Luis et al, , 2017Mitchell et al, 2018;Montgomery-Reagan et al, 2009;Perez-Rodriguez et al, 2012;Xinhua et al, 2010). Apenas Huang et al recolheu os dados através de um registo diário de 3 dias (Huang et al, 2013).…”

“…O tipo de estudo prevalente na amostra foi o transversal (n=15; 83,3%) (Borghese et al, 2015;Bracale et al, 2013;Carandente et al, 2009;Chaput et al, 2014;Decelis et al, 2014;Dutra et al, 2015;Novaes et al, 2009;Katzmarzyk et al, 2015;Lane et al, 2014;Liang et al, 2009;Luis et al, 2015Luis et al, , 2017Mitchell et al, 2018;Montgomery-Reagan et al, 2009;Perez-Rodriguez et al, 2012); seguido do caso-controlo (n=2; 11,1%) (Huang et al, 2013;Xinhua et al, 2010); e, por fim, coorte prospetivo (n=1; 5,6%) (Heilmann et al, 2017).…”

“…Constatou-se que em 17 artigos há uma associação estatisticamente positiva entre a exposição televisiva e a obesidade nas crianças. (n=17; 94,4%) (Borghese et al, 2015;Bracale et al, 2013;Carandente et al, 2009;Chaput et al, 2014;Decelis et al, 2014;Dutra et al, 2015;Heilmann et al, 2017;Huang et al, 2013;Novaes et al, 2009;Katzmarzyk et al, 2015;Lane et al, 2014;Liang et al, 2009;Luis et al, 2017;Mitchell et al, 2018;Montgomery-Reagan et al, 2009;Perez-Rodriguez et al, 2012;Xinhua et al, 2010). Destes 17, observou-se em 5 artigos, (n=5; 29,4%) que a adiposidade aumentava nas crianças, quando estas tinham uma TV no quarto (Borghese et al, 2015;Chaput et al, 2014;Heilmann et al, 2017;Lane et al, 2014;Luis et al, 2017).…”

“…Os restantes três artigos demonstraram, na sua amostra, apenas uma relação entre a visualização de TV e a obesidade, independentemente do tempo despendido na visualização. (n=3; 17,6%) (Liang et al, 2009;Montgomery-Reagan et al, 2009;Perez-Rodriguez et al, 2012).…”