Prevalence and correlates of mild cognitive impairment among diverse Hispanics/Latinos: Study of Latinos‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging results

González, Héctor M.; Tarraf, Wassim; Schneiderman, Neil; Fornage, Myriam; Vásquez, Priscilla M.; Zeng, Donglin; Youngblood, Marston; Gallo, Linda C.; Daviglus, Martha L.; Lipton, Richard B.; Kaplan, Robert C.; Ramos, Alberto R.; Lamar, Melissa; Thomas, Sonia; Chai, Albert; DeCarli, Charles

doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2019.08.202

Cited by 79 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Americans compared with Caribbean Americans). 242,243 The higher prevalence of Alzheimer's dementia in minority racial and ethnic groups compared with whites appears to be due to a higher incidence of dementia in these groups. 244 Variations in medical conditions, health-related behaviors and socioeconomic risk factors across racial groups likely account for most of the differences in risk of Alzheimer's and other dementias.…”

Section: Racial and Ethnic Differences In The Prevalence Of Alzheimermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some studies indicate older Hispanics/Latinos are about one and one‐half times as likely to have Alzheimer's or other dementias as older whites A8 , 19,240,241 . However, Hispanics/Latinos comprise a very diverse group in terms of cultural history, genetic ancestry and health profiles, and there is evidence that prevalence may differ from one specific Hispanic/Latino ethnic group to another (for example, Mexican Americans compared with Caribbean Americans) 242,243 …”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

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2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2020

Alzheimer's & Dementia

2,033

653

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This article describes the public health impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD), including incidence and prevalence, mortality and morbidity, use and costs of care, and the overall impact on caregivers and society. The Special Report discusses the future challenges of meeting care demands for the growing number of people living with Alzheimer's dementia in the United States with a particular emphasis on primary care. By mid‐century, the number of Americans age 65 and older with Alzheimer's dementia may grow to 13.8 million. This represents a steep increase from the estimated 5.8 million Americans age 65 and older who have Alzheimer's dementia today. Official death certificates recorded 122,019 deaths from AD in 2018, the latest year for which data are available, making Alzheimer's the sixth leading cause of death in the United States and the fifth leading cause of death among Americans age 65 and older. Between 2000 and 2018, deaths resulting from stroke, HIV and heart disease decreased, whereas reported deaths from Alzheimer's increased 146.2%. In 2019, more than 16 million family members and other unpaid caregivers provided an estimated 18.6 billion hours of care to people with Alzheimer's or other dementias. This care is valued at nearly $244 billion, but its costs extend to family caregivers’ increased risk for emotional distress and negative mental and physical health outcomes. Average per‐person Medicare payments for services to beneficiaries age 65 and older with AD or other dementias are more than three times as great as payments for beneficiaries without these conditions, and Medicaid payments are more than 23 times as great. Total payments in 2020 for health care, long‐term care and hospice services for people age 65 and older with dementia are estimated to be $305 billion. As the population of Americans living with Alzheimer's dementia increases, the burden of caring for that population also increases. These challenges are exacerbated by a shortage of dementia care specialists, which places an increasing burden on primary care physicians (PCPs) to provide care for people living with dementia. Many PCPs feel underprepared and inadequately trained to handle dementia care responsibilities effectively. This report includes recommendations for maximizing quality care in the face of the shortage of specialists and training challenges in primary care.

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Section: Racial and Ethnic Differences In The Prevalence Of Alzheimermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2020

Alzheimer's & Dementia

2,033

653

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“…González et al, in a study that included 6377 Hispanic/Latinos, with a range age between 50 and 86 years, and MCI diagnosis did not demonstrate an association with both the ApoE ε4 or ApoE ε2 genotype, suggesting that the etiology of MCI could be different between Africans and Latinos, with an Amerindian mix vs. people with European ancestry, possibly as a result of colonizers in southern Europe, having a lower ApoE ε4 prevalence compared to northern Europeans. ApoE genotypes in Mexican-Americans, Mexican Mestizos and Mayans, showed a higher frequency of the ε3 allele (89–92%) and a lower one for the ε4 (6.9 to 8.4%), and ε2 (lower or absent) alleles [ 37 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between ApoE ε4 Carrier Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Mild Cognitive Impairment among Mexican Older Adults

et al. 2021

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Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (amnestic or non-amnestic) has different clinical and neuropsychological characteristics, and its evolution is heterogeneous. Cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF), such as hypertension, diabetes, or dyslipidemia, and the presence of the Apolipoprotein E ε4 (ApoE ε4) polymorphism have been associated with an increased risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and other dementias but the relationship is inconsistent worldwide. We aimed to establish the association between the ApoE ε4 carrier status and CVRF on MCI subtypes (amnestic and non-amnestic) in Mexican older adults. Cross-sectional study including 137 older adults (n = 63 with normal cognition (NC), n = 24 with amnesic, and n = 50 with non-amnesic MCI). Multinomial logistic regression models were performed in order to determine the association between ApoE ε4 polymorphism carrier and CVRF on amnestic and non-amnestic-MCI. ApoE ε4 carrier status was present in 28.8% participants. The models showed that ApoE ε4 carrier status was not associated neither aMCI nor naMCI condition. The interaction term ApoE ε4 × CVRF was not statistically significant for both types of MCI. However, CVRF were associated with both types of MCI and the association remained statistically significant after adjustment by sex, age, and education level. The carrier status of the ApoE genotype does not contribute to this risk.

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“…The range of response was 1-5, 5 being a great feeling and 1, a poor feeling. Furthermore, a composed healthy diet index was used as a covariate, which includes (i) >1 serving/day, grain (1 point) or less (0 points); (ii) >1 serving/week fish (1 point) or less (0 points), (iii) ≤4.5 servings/week sweetened beverages (1 point) or more (0 points) and iv) ≥4.5 servings/day fruits and vegetables (1 point) or less (0 points); thus, a score between 0 to 4 was created, 4 being a great score and 0, a poor score of a healthy diet [29]. Finally, a question about depression treatment: Have you ever received depression treatment?…”

Section: Covariatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mediation Effect of Self–Report Physical Activity Patterns in the Relationship between Educational Level and Cognitive Impairment in Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Chilean Health National Survey 2016–2017

Solis‐Urra

Plaza‐Díaz

Álvarez‐Mercado

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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J.S.-M.); fmolina@ugr.es (F.A.-M.) † These authors equally contributed to this work.Abstract: The aims of this cross-sectional study were (i) to determine the association of educational level attained with cognitive impairment and (ii) to investigate the mediating effect of different self-report physical activity (PA) patterns in a large sample of older Chileans. A sample of 1571 older adults from the National Chilean Survey (2016-2017) was included. The educational level attained, PA levels, mode of commuting, sedentary time, and leisure-time PA were self-reported through validated questionnaires. Cognitive impairment was determined by Mini-Mental State Examination (modified version). Association between educational level attained and cognitive impairment was examined using logistic regression models. Counterfactual mediation models were used to test the mediating effect of self-reported PA patterns. A lower educational level was consistently associated with higher odds of cognitive impairment (OR range 2.846 to 2.266, all p < 0.001), while leisure-time PA was the only PA pattern that partially mediated this association (proportion mediated 8.0%). In conclusion, leisure-time PA was the solely PA pattern that partially mediated the association between the educational level and cognitive impairment. The rest self-reported PA patterns did not modify this association.

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Prevalence and correlates of mild cognitive impairment among diverse Hispanics/Latinos: Study of Latinos‐Investigation of Neurocognitive Aging results

Cited by 79 publications

References 27 publications

2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

2020 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures

Association between ApoE ε4 Carrier Status and Cardiovascular Risk Factors on Mild Cognitive Impairment among Mexican Older Adults

The Mediation Effect of Self–Report Physical Activity Patterns in the Relationship between Educational Level and Cognitive Impairment in Elderly: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Chilean Health National Survey 2016–2017

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