Prevalence and correlates of multimorbidity among adults in Botswana: A cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background Botswana is currently undergoing rapid epidemiological transition indicated by a decline in infectious diseases and an increase in chronic non-communicable diseases and their associated risk factors. The main aim of this study was to assess prevalence and correlates of multimorbidity among the adult population in Botswana. Methods A cross-sectional study called Chronic Non-Communicable Diseases Study (NCDs study) was conducted in March, 2016. Using multistage cross sectional sampling design, 1178 male and female respondents aged 15 years and above were interviewed across 3 cities and towns, 15 urban villages and 15 rural villages. Participants were interviewed face-toface using a structured questionnaire. Adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis was used to assess covariates of multimorbidity. The statistical significant level was fixed at p <0 .05. Results Prevalence of multimorbidity in the sampled population was estimated at 5.4%. Multivariate results indicate that the odds of multimobridty were significantly high among women (AOR = 3.34, 95% C.I. = 1.22-21.3) than men. On the other hand, the odds of multimorbidity were significantly low among young people aged below 24 years (AOR = 0.01, 95% C.I. = 0.00-0.07), currently married people (AOR = 0.24, 95% C.I. = 0.07-0.80) and individuals in the 2 nd wealth quintile (AOR = 0.20, 95% C.I. = 0.05-0.75) compared to their counterparts. For behavioural risk factors, alcohol consumption (AOR = 4.80, 95% C.I. = 1.16-19.8) and overweight/obesity (AOR = 1.44, 95% CI = 1.12-2.61) were significantly associated with high multimorbidity prevalence. Conclusion Multimorbidity was found to be more prevalent among women, alcohol consumers and overweight/obese people. There is need to strengthen interventions encouraging healthy

Persistence of Multimorbidity Among Women Aged 15–49 Years in India: An Analysis of Prevalence, Patterns and Correlation

“…The previous study found a lack of physical activity among women who belonged to the middle to higher household income and had a higher prevalence of metabolic syndrome that further lead to multimorbidity [20]. The present study also found that ever married were having a higher prevalence of the multimorbidity compared to never-married women [24]. A crosscountry study using SAGE database found Ghana, India, South Africa, and Spain also support the present study findings [5,21].…”

Population attributable risk for multimorbidity among adult women in India: Do smoking tobacco, chewing tobacco and consuming alcohol make a difference?

“…Heart diseases, Asthma, Goitre or any other Thyroid disorder, Cancer, Hypertension, and diabetes, etc. are the most common non-communicable diseases that contribute to the major prevalence of multimorbidity [ 6 ].…”

“…A cross-country study showed that 4.2% of all disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were attributed to the use of alcohol, and 1.3% of all DALYs were attributed to the use of drugs [ 15 ]. Tobacco and alcohol use disorder were found to be significantly associated with multimorbid conditions among individuals [ 6 , 16 – 18 ].…”

“…Additionally, unhealthy lifestyles like non-nutritious food may cause negative health consequences on individuals as raised blood pressure, increased blood glucose, elevated blood lipids results in overweight or obesity [ 6 ]. Obesity for instance was shown to be one of the most significant risk factors for multimorbidity among adults [ 5 ].…”

Untitled

“…A cross-country study showed that 4.2% of all disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were attributed to the use of alcohol, and 1.3% of all DALYs were attributed to the use of drugs [15]. Tobacco and alcohol use disorder were found to be significantly associated with multimorbid conditions among individuals [6,[16][17][18].…”