Prevalence and Correlates of Panic Attacks Among People Who Primarily Smoke Methamphetamine

Abstract

Few studies have examined panic attacks and social and demographic factors, amongst people who use methamphetamine. This study explores the prevalence and correlates of panic attacks amongst an Australian sample of 711 people who primarily smoke methamphetamine. Baseline data for this study was gathered from participants recruited from regional and metropolitan communities across Victoria, Australia, in an ongoing prospective cohort study. Sequential logistic regression was used to examine correlations between panic attacks and sociodemographic, mental health and methamphetamine use variables. Over one-third (36%) of participants reported experiencing a recent panic attack (within the last 4 weeks). The following characteristics were associated with an increased likelihood of panic attacks: being female [aOR 1.85, 95% CI 1.25, 2.60], younger (18–29 years) [aOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.16, 2.85], non-heterosexual [aOR 2.19, 95% CI 1.37, 3.49], having experienced interpersonal assault in the past 12 months [aOR 1.71, 95% CI 1.19, 2.45], being methamphetamine-dependent [aOR 1.78, 95% CI 1.22, 2.59] and reporting moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety [aOR 5.49, 95% CI 3.93, 7.69] and depression [aOR 3.98, 95% CI 2.86, 5.53]. Opportunities exist for health services to proactively engage and support this population when they present in distressed states, with a non-judgemental, trauma-informed approach. Highlights • It is estimated that over one third of people who smoke methamphetamine experience panic attacks. • Methamphetamine smokers who are young, female and non-heterosexual are at increased risk of experiencing panic attacks. • Presentations during mental distress are an opportunity for psychoeducation and harm reduction discussions.