Prevalence and correlates of smoking on the roof of the world

Shah, Syed Asad Ali; Arif, Ahmed A.; Delclos, George L.; Khan, Asif; Khan, Anwar

doi:10.1136/tc.10.1.e1

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…However, our study period was short and involved physiological changes in body size consequently, further evaluation is required. These results were independent of factors that have been associated with high blood pressure, such as tobacco consumption (Shah et al, 2001), puberty (Shankar et al, 2005), physical activity (Dencker et al, 2008), and height (a variable reflecting an adjustment for ethnic variations) (Chiolero et al, 2007a). Still, our study has limitations, such as not having included other life history variables such as birth weight and diet, and in particular salt consumption (He et al, 2008), which has been shown to be involved in increased blood pressure in children and adolescents (Chiolero et al, 2007a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Body mass index associated with elevated blood pressure in Mexican school-aged adolescents

Sánchez-Zamorano

Salazar-Martı́nez

Anaya-Ocampo

et al. 2009

Preventive Medicine

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Body mass index associated with elevated blood pressure in Mexican school-aged adolescents

Sánchez-Zamorano

Salazar-Martı́nez

Anaya-Ocampo

et al. 2009

Preventive Medicine

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“…Current smokers were defined as those: (i) "smoking at least one cigarette each day" 19,35 ; (ii) "smoking one or more cigarettes daily for 6 months or more before the survey" 36,37 ; (iii) "smoking tobacco products at the time of the survey" 15,38,39,40,41,42 ; (iv) "having smoked at least 100 cigarettes in one's lifetime and currently smoke every day or some days or continue to smoke regularly or were still smoking daily at the time of the interview" 10,11,12,14,17,26,43,44,45,46,47 49,50 ; (iii) ever smokers -"more than 100 cigarettes in their lifetime" 51 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tobacco use among the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2010

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“…Occupation was classified as follows: Group I – housewives, students, unemployed; Group II – farmers, unskilled workers; Group III – businessmen, skilled workers; Group IV – government employees. Further details about methods have been mentioned elsewhere (Shah et al. 2001a,b).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing obesity and overweight in a high mountain Pakistani population

Shah

Nanan

Rahbar

et al. 2004

Tropical Med Int Health

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Summaryobjectives To estimate the prevalence of obesity and overweight among adults in a high mountain rural population of Pakistan, and to determine the correlates of excess body weight.design Cross-sectional study. methods A random sample of 4203 adults (aged 18 years and over) was selected by stratified random sampling from 16 villages in north Pakistan. Trained medical students measured height, weight and blood pressure. Trained interviewers obtained information from participants on sociodemographic variables, use of snuff, daily cigarette consumption, hypertension and family history of hypertension. Body mass index (BMI) calculated as kg/m 2 was used to define overweight (BMI ‡ 25 kg/m 2 ) and obesity (BMI ‡ 30 kg/m 2 ).results Using weight and height data available for 1391 men and 2754 women, mean BMI was 22.4 (95% CI 21.9, 22.9) for men and 22.6 (95% CI 21.9, 23.2) for women. The age-adjusted prevalence of BMI ‡ 25 (overweight/obesity) was 13.5% for men and 14.1% for women. Overweight/obesity increased with age and the increase per year was identical for both men and women [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) ¼ 1.01, 95% CI 1.01, 1.03]. Overweight/obese men and women were more likely to be hypertensive (men, AOR ¼ 3.32, 95% CI 2.16, 5.09; women, AOR ¼ 1.70, 95% CI 1.21, 2.39). Overweight/obese women were more likely to work in business or as skilled workers (AOR ¼ 6.24, 95% CI 1.18, 32.83) while overweight/obese men were more likely to work as government employees (AOR ¼ 2.59, 95% CI 1.66, 4.03). Family history of hypertension was a significant correlate of overweight/obesity in men (P value 0.004) and women (P value 0.000). Overweight/obese men and women were less likely to use smokeless tobacco (men, AOR ¼ 0.65, 95% CI 0.43, 0.97; women, AOR ¼ 0.54, 95% CI 0.35, 0.85).conclusion The prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in Pakistan is expected to increase as further epidemiologic, nutritional and demographic changes occur. The assessment of excess body weight, and patterns and determinants of other risk factors for NCDs is important to provide useful guidelines in the planning of interventions to counter a growing problem.

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Prevalence and correlates of smoking on the roof of the world

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Body mass index associated with elevated blood pressure in Mexican school-aged adolescents

Body mass index associated with elevated blood pressure in Mexican school-aged adolescents

Tobacco use among the elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Assessing obesity and overweight in a high mountain Pakistani population

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