Prevalence and Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome among Women in Chinese Rural Areas

Abstract

Background and AimsMetabolic syndrome (MS) is prevalent in recent years but few data is reported in the rural areas in China. The aim of this study was to examine MS prevalence and its risk factors among women in rural China.Methods and ResultsThe Nantong Metabolic Syndrome Study (NMSS), a population based cross-sectional study, was conducted during 2007–2008 in Nantong, China. In person interviews, blood glucose and lipid measurements were completed for 13,505 female participants aged 18–74 years. The International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the US Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program, the Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII) and modified ATPIII for Asian population has determined three criteria of MS. These criteria for MS were used and compared in this study. The prevalence of MS was 22.0%, 16.9% and 23.3% according to IDF, ATPIII and ATPIII-modified criteria, respectively. Levels of agreement of these criteria for MS were above 0.75. We found that vigorous-intensity of occupational physical activity was associated with a low prevalence of MS with OR of 0.76 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.63–0.91). Rice wine drinkers (alcohol >12.8 g/day) had about 34% low risks of developing MS with OR of 0.66 (95% CI: 0.48–0.91), compared with non-drinkers. Odds ratio of MS was 1.81 (95% CI: 1.15–2.84) in women who smoked more than 20 pack-years, compared to non-smokers. Odds ratio of MS was 1.56 (95% CI: 1.25–1.95) in women who had familial history of diseases, including hypertension, diabetes and stroke, compared to women without familial history of those diseases.ConclusionMS is highly prevalent among women in rural China. Both physical activity and rice wine consumption play a protective role, while family history and smoking are risk factors in MS development. Educational programs should be established for promoting healthy lifestyles and appropriate interventions in rural China.

Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Affecting Factors among Individuals Aged 30 and over in Balçova District of İzmir

“…Furthermore, as observed in other studies, the low education level of our study group had a negative effect on the prevalence of MetS. (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29).…”

Lower physical activity is a risk factor for a clustering of metabolic risk factors in non-obese and obese Japanese subjects: The Takahata study

“…However, earlier studies of MetS have shown a J-shaped relationship between alcohol intake and the risk of MetS [31][32][33]. Indeed, light alcohol consumption was actually associated with a lower risk of MetS [32][33][34], while very heavy alcohol consumption was associated with a substantial increase in the risk of MetS [35]. The differences in the relationship between alcohol intake and the risk of clustering of MetRFs might be related to differences in obesity status of the subjects, namely, non-obese versus obese.…”

“…The effects of physical activity and energy intake on MetS have been examined in numerous studies [8][9][10][11][29][30][31][32]. However, few studies have examined their effects in non-obese subjects with a clustering of MetRFs.…”

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“…Insulin-resistance is known to be associated with a more severe PCOS phenotype. Moreover, insulin sensitivity is known to be related to many environmental factors, such as physical activity, diet, and alcohol consumption, among others [11]. The failed could not find any studies focusing on the problem of the different prevalence of insulin-resistance in urban and rural areas; however, there are few analyzing the occurrence of metabolic syndrome.…”