Prevalence and determinants of refractive error and related ocular morbidities among Saudi adolescence population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Yasir, Ziaul Haq; Basakran, Fatimah Abdullah; Alhumaid, Nora Ali; Balous, Malek Abdulrahman; Banaeem, Abdulrahman Salem; Al-Shangiti, Ahmad Khaled; Khandekar, Rajiv

doi:10.4103/ojo.ojo_114_21

Cited by 5 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 26 publications

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“…With a prevalence of 53.3% among the 10–20-year-old Saudi population and with compliance to spectacle ware of 20%, there is a high potential for refractive surgery. [ 28 ] Our study had an adequate proportion of gender and grades of myopia. Therefore, these findings could be extrapolated and applied to all young myopic Saudi populations undergoing TPRK.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans Palpebral Intraocular Pressure Measurement by Diaton Tonometer and Central Corneal Thickness in Eyes before and after Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy of Saudi Patients

Alzuhairy

2022

Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology

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PURPOSE: The influence of central corneal thickness (CCT) on intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement by Diaton is debatable. We present a correlation of CCT to transpalpebral IOP (tpIOP) and its determinants in patients undergoing transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TPRK) in Saudi Arabia. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study held in 2022, the IOP of patients undergoing TPRK was measured by Diaton tonometer. The CCT was measured before and 1 week after refractive surgery. The correlation coefficient of CCT and IOP and its Pearson P value were estimated. The effects of gender, type of refractive error (RE), and corneal epithelial thickness (CET) on the correlation of IOP to CCT were reviewed. RESULTS: We studied 202 eyes in 101 patients (Male: Female, 47:53; age 25.7 ± 5.8 years). The tpIOP was 15.1 ± 2.8 mmHg before, 15.9 ± 2.8 mmHg 1 week after, and 15.7 ± 4.1 mmHg 1 month after TPRK. The CCT was significantly correlated with tpIOP before surgery (Pearson correlation 0.168, P = 0.017) and after tPRK (Pearson correlation 0.246, P < 0.001). Gender ( P = 0.96), CET ( P = 0.43), and type of RE ( P = 0.99) were not significant determinants of correlation between CCT and tpIOP before TPRK. The correlation of tpIOP and CCT was not affected by gender ( P = 0.07), CET ( P = 0.39), and type of RE ( P = 0.13). CONCLUSION: CCT should be considered before interpreting tpIOP measured by with Diaton. Diaton could be a useful tool to monitor IOP changes in young patients undergoing refractive surgery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trans Palpebral Intraocular Pressure Measurement by Diaton Tonometer and Central Corneal Thickness in Eyes before and after Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy of Saudi Patients

Alzuhairy

2022

Middle East African Journal of Ophthalmology

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Assessment of stereoacuity (3D vision) using TNO random dot stereo acuity chart in medical undergraduate students: A cross-sectional study

Hun,

Jariwala

2023

IJCEO

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The study aimed to estimate the level of stereoacuity in medical undergraduate students, factors associated with reduced stereoacuity, and time taken to interpret plates. Cross-sectional study was done at the Medical College of South Gujarat from April 2021 to June 2022, enrolling 400 consenting students. Detailed ocular history was taken; best corrected visual acuity was assessed for distance and near after cycloplegic refraction for cases with subnormal visual acuity and power of glasses documented. Level of Stereopsis was assessed using TNO random dot stereoacuity chart and time taken to read plates 1 and 5 was recorded. Data were entered and appropriate statistical tests were applied. Out of 400 students, 64.25% had a refractive error. Simple myopia was most prevalent refractive error (43.25%), followed by compound myopic astigmatism (19.5%). Seven students had anisometropic amblyopia and two had strabismic amblyopia. 19.75% cases had subnormal stereopsis. Among them, 10.25% cases had simple myopia, 7.25% had high compound myopic astigmatism, 1.75% had anisometropic amblyopia and 0.5% cases had strabismic amblyopia. Average time taken by emmetrope to read plate 1 and plate 5 was 13.93 ± 14.03 and 19.03 ± 20.66 respectively and for cases with refractive errors, time taken was 17.59 ± 13.95 and 27.83 ± 20.77 respectively. This was statistically significant (P <0.05). Most of the students had good stereoacuity as they were already wearing refractive correction. Commonest cause of subnormal stereopsis ware simple myopia, compound myopic astigmatism and amblyopia. Time taken to read the plates is more for refractive error as compared to emmetropes.

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Transpalpebral intraocular pressure measurement by Diaton compared to Goldman applanation tonometer in myopic eyes before and after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy in Saudi Arabia

Alzuhairy¹

2023

Int J Ophthalmol

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AIM: To compare intraocular pressure (IOP) measured via the trans palpebral IOP (tpIOP) method using a Diaton or with a Goldman applanation tonometer (GAT) and study the determinants of IOP difference in eyes undergoing transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (TPRK) for myopia. METHODS: This cross-sectional validation study was held in 2020 in an eye hospital in Saudi Arabia. IOP was measured by Diaton and GAT before treatment, after one week, and one month of TPRK. It is considered if IOP difference by Diaton and GAT was less than ±2 mm Hg acceptable. The IOP difference was tested if correlated to spherical equivalent (SE), central corneal thickness (CCT), age, gender, or tpIOP. RESULTS: Totolly 200 myopic eyes of 100 patients were included in the study. The mean difference of IOP measured by two methods before TPRK, 1wk, and 1mo after TPRK were 0.790, -0.790, and -0.920 mm Hg, respectively (P<0.001). Diaton could measure IOP effectively 89.5% eyes before TPRK and 82% and 84% at 1wk and 1mo after TPTK, respectively. At week 1, IOP differences were significantly correlated to baseline CCT (P=0.02) and tpIOP at week 1 (P<0.001). One month after TPRK, only tpIOP was significantly correlated to the difference in IOP (P<0.001). CONCLUSION: Diaton is a good screening tool for IOP before TPRK. It helps in monitoring IOP after surgery. Although more practical, it is less efficient than GAT. In eyes with high myopia and low tpIOP before surgery, IOP post-TPRK by Diaton and GAT could differ.

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Prevalence and determinants of refractive error and related ocular morbidities among Saudi adolescence population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Cited by 5 publications

References 26 publications

Trans Palpebral Intraocular Pressure Measurement by Diaton Tonometer and Central Corneal Thickness in Eyes before and after Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy of Saudi Patients

Trans Palpebral Intraocular Pressure Measurement by Diaton Tonometer and Central Corneal Thickness in Eyes before and after Transepithelial Photorefractive Keratectomy of Saudi Patients

Assessment of stereoacuity (3D vision) using TNO random dot stereo acuity chart in medical undergraduate students: A cross-sectional study

Transpalpebral intraocular pressure measurement by Diaton compared to Goldman applanation tonometer in myopic eyes before and after transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy in Saudi Arabia

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