Prevalence and distribution of bacteriophage φAa DNA in strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Stevens, R

doi:10.1016/0378-1097(94)90436-7

Cited by 8 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The proportion of 14 Aa(|)23-related lysogens among 34 strains tested (41%) is slightly higher than that of 14/42 strains (33%) detected by Stevens et al (28) by using a cloned 3.3-kb DNA fragment of another phage, (|)Aal, as the hybridization probe. This variation could refiect the different epidemiology between the two phages or a lower detection rate due to using a cloned DNA fragment rather than phage genomic DNA as the probe.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

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Occurrence of temperate bacteriophages in different Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes isolated from periodontally healthy individuals

Willi

Sandmeier

Asikainen

et al. 1997

Oral Microbiology and Immunology

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The occurrence of temperate bacteriophages was studied in 34 isolates of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans derived from 27 periodontally healthy Finnish individuals both by lysis/plaque assays and by DNA hybridizations. In addition the serotype, the ribotype and the arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) profile were determined for each A. actinomycetemcomitans strain. Fourteen isolates showed hybridization patterns very similar to that of a known lysogen when probed with the genome of the previously characterized temperate phage Aa phi 23. Only 6 of these 14 strains had produced lysis or single plaques on suitable indicator strains. Phage Aa phi 247 derived from one of these lysogens was indistinguishable from Aa phi 23 by electron microscopy, and the genomes showed highly related DNA hybridization patterns. The remaining 20 isolates exhibited hybridization patterns very different from that of Aa phi 23 DNA. Seven of these strains also gave lysis or single plaques, suggesting that 21 of the 34 strains were lysogenic. These data indicate that the prophages per se do not represent a virulence factor exclusively associated with periodontal disease. Presence of an Aa phi 23-related prophage correlated with serotype a and AP-PCR type 1 of the bacterial host. This may indicate that Aa phi 23 and related phages have a limited host range.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 53%

“…However, since serotypes seem to form genetically distinct groups (as revealed by AP-PCR), other host functions may infiuence phage lysogeny and replication. Another explanation involving serotype conversion following infection has been postulated (20,28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of temperate bacteriophages in different Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes isolated from periodontally healthy individuals

Willi

Sandmeier

Asikainen

et al. 1997

Oral Microbiology and Immunology

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“…Phages in humans can act as both commensals and pathogens (78, 79). We found a high diversity of phage sequences that encode functional properties of potential significance for their bacterial host, including resistance to environment or antimicrobials.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viruses comprise an extensive pool of mobile genetic elements in eukaryote cell cultures and human clinical samples

et al. 2017

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Viruses shape a diversity of ecosystems by modulating their microbial, eukaryotic, or plant host metabolism. The complexity of virus-host interaction networks is progressively fathomed by novel metagenomic approaches. By using a novel metagenomic method, we explored the virome in mammalian cell cultures and clinical samples to identify an extensive pool of mobile genetic elements in all of these ecosystems. Despite aseptic treatment, cell cultures harbored extensive and diverse phage populations with a high abundance of as yet unknown and uncharacterized viruses (viral dark matter). Unknown phages also predominated in the oropharynx and urine of healthy individuals and patients infected with cytomegalovirus despite demonstration of active cytomegalovirus replication. The novelty of viral sequences correlated primarily with the individual evaluated, whereas relative abundance of encoded protein functions was associated with the ecologic niches probed. Together, these observations demonstrate the extensive presence of viral dark matter in human and artificial ecosystems.-Thannesberger, J., Hellinger, H.-J., Klymiuk, I., Kastner, M.-T., Rieder, F. J. J., Schneider, M., Fister, S., Lion, T., Kosulin, K., Laengle, J., Bergmann, M., Rattei, T., Steininger, C. Viruses comprise an extensive pool of mobile genetic elements in eukaryote cell cultures and human clinical samples.

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“…If a similar inductive mechanism to that demonstrated in the present investigation involving fibroblasts and A. actinomycetemcomitans cells is operative in vivo, it would be expected that induction would occur in the tissue. Furthermore, since lysogeny among A. actinomycetemcomitans strains is a common occurrence [2,4], induction would be expected to be a common event. The consequences of such an induction would be manifold: First, the release of fAa virions into the tissue could have direct effects on the host.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prophage induction in lysogenic Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cells co-cultured with human gingival fibroblasts, and its effect on leukotoxin release

Stevens

Santos

Zuanazzi

et al. 2013

Microbial Pathogenesis

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Lysogeny is common among strains of the periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Since lysogenic induction is known to result in the increased synthesis and release of bacterial toxins from lysogens, it would be important to elucidate the conditions under which induction of these bacteria may occur. Co-cultures of A. actinomycetemcomitans strains (either lysogenic or non-lysogenic) and human cells (either gingival fibroblasts or pharyngeal epithelial cells) were prepared. Following incubation, bacteriophage titers of up to 6.2 × 10(7) pfu/ml were detected in the cell-free, spent culture media from the co-cultures of the lysogenic A. actinomycetemcomitans strains and the fibroblasts. Little (maximum of 2 × 10(0) pfu/ml) or no titers of phage could be detected in the mono-cultures of the lysogenic A. actinomycetemcomitans strains alone. In contrast, no phage were detectable in the cell-free spent culture media of the lysogens cocultured with the epithelial cells. Futhermore, co-culture of the A. actinomycetemcomitans lysogens with the fibroblasts resulted in enhanced release of the A. actinomycetemcomitans leukotoxin into the culture medium, in comparison with the spent culture media from mono-cultures of the lysogens alone. These results are consistent with the concept that interaction with fibroblasts may mediate prophage induction in lysogenic strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans, and that leukotoxin release is greatly augmented following induction of the lysogens.

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Prevalence and distribution of bacteriophage φAa DNA in strains of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Occurrence of temperate bacteriophages in different Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes isolated from periodontally healthy individuals

Occurrence of temperate bacteriophages in different Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans serotypes isolated from periodontally healthy individuals

Viruses comprise an extensive pool of mobile genetic elements in eukaryote cell cultures and human clinical samples

Prophage induction in lysogenic Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans cells co-cultured with human gingival fibroblasts, and its effect on leukotoxin release

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