Prevalence and distribution of domoic acid and cyclic imines in bivalve mollusks from Beibu Gulf, China

Ji, Ying; Yan, Guowang; Wang, Guixiang; Liu, Jianwei; Tang, Zhixuan; Yan, Yeju; Qiu, Jiangbing; Zhang, Lei; Pan, Wanyu; Fu, Yilei; Li, Tianshen; Xin, Luo; Lan, Wenlu; Wang, Zhaohui; Wei-guo, LI; Li, Aifeng

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.127078

Cited by 25 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The production of 13desmSPXC has been observed in several strains of Alexandrium ostenfeldii [ 8 , 16 , 25 , 29 , 30 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 ], and its presence in bivalves or A. ostenfeldii cultures from different areas, including Galicia, has been reported [ 7 , 9 , 11 , 13 , 14 , 17 , 26 , 28 , 31 , 37 , 38 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 ]. Other spirolides detected on the Atlantic coast of Europe, include spirolide A, 13-desmethyl spirolide D [ 9 , 39 , 45 ], 20-methyl spirolide G [ 4 , 11 , 26 , 46 ], 27-hydroxy-13-desmethyl spirolide C [ 47 ], spirolide C, spirolide D [ 45 ], 13,19-didesmethyl spirolide C [ 8 , 28 ], spirolide C and iso-spirolide C [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spirolides in Bivalve Mollusk of the Galician (NW Spain) Coast: Interspecific, Spatial, Temporal Variation and Presence of an Isomer of 13-Desmethyl Spirolide C

Blanco

Arévalo

Moroño

et al. 2022

Toxins

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Spirolides are cyclic imines whose risks to human health have not been sufficiently evaluated. To determine the possible impact of these compounds in Galicia (NW Spain), their presence and concentration in bivalve mollusk were studied from 2014 to 2021. Only 13-desmethyl spirolide C (13desmSPXC) and an isomer have been detected, and always at low concentrations. Mussel, Mytilus galloprovincialis, was the species which accumulated more spirolides, but the presence of its isomer was nearly restricted to cockle, Cerastoderma edule, and two clam species, Venerupis corrugata and Polititapes rhomboides. On average, the highest 13desmSPXC levels were found in autumn-winter, while those of its isomer were recorded in spring-summer. Both compounds showed decreasing trends during the study period. Geographically, the concentration tends to decrease from the southern to the north-eastern locations, but temporal variability predominates over spatial variability.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spirolides in Bivalve Mollusk of the Galician (NW Spain) Coast: Interspecific, Spatial, Temporal Variation and Presence of an Isomer of 13-Desmethyl Spirolide C

Blanco

Arévalo

Moroño

et al. 2022

Toxins

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“…are the major DA producers, with 73 species recorded so far ( Guiry and Guiry, 2024 ), of which 33 species/variants produce DA ( Lundholm et al, 2009 ). DA has been detected in shellfish samples collected from the Beibu Gulf, with the maximum level of 401 μg/kg and the detection rate of 17.7% ( Ji et al, 2022 ). Pseudo-nitzschia was the third top genus observed by microscopy ( Figure 4B ) with the average cell numbers of 1.7 × 10 3 cells/L in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabarcoding reveals a high diversity and complex eukaryotic microalgal community in coastal waters of the northern Beibu Gulf, China

Wang,

Gu,

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Beibu Gulf is an important semi-enclosed bay located in the northwestern South China Sea, and is famous for its high bio-productivity and rich bio-diversity. The fast development along the Beibu Gulf Economical Rim has brought pressure to the environment, and algal blooms occurred frequently in the gulf. In this study, surface water samples and micro-plankton samples (20–200 μm) were collected in the northern Beibu Gulf coast. Diversity and distribution of eukaryotic planktonic microalgae were analyzed by both metabarcoding and microscopic analyses. Metabarcoding revealed much higher diversity and species richness of microalgae than morphological observation, especially for dinoflagellates. Metabarcoding detected 144 microalgal genera in 8 phyla, while microscopy only detected 40 genera in 2 phyla. The two methods revealed different microalgal community structures. Dinoflagellates dominated in microalgal community based on metabarcoding due to their high copies of 18 s rRNA gene, and diatoms dominated under microscopy. Altogether 48 algal bloom and/or toxic species were detected in this study, 34 species by metabarcoding and 19 species by microscopy. Our result suggested a high potential risk of HABs in the Beibu Gulf. Microalgal community in the surface water samples demonstrated significantly higher OTU/species richness, alpha diversity, and abundance than those in the micro-plankton samples, although more HAB taxa were detected by microscopic observations in the micro-plankton samples. Furthermore, nano-sized taxa, such as those in chlorophytes, haptophytes, and chrysophyceans, occurred more abundantly in the surface water samples. This study provided a comprehensive morphological and molecular description of microalgal community in the northern Beibu Gulf.

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“…In addition to New Zealand, shellfish contaminated with GYMs have been detected in shellfish collected from Bosnia and Herzegovina [ 25 ], Croatia [ 25 , 26 ], France [ 27 ], Italy [ 28 ], Morocco [ 29 ], South Africa [ 30 ], Australia [ 31 ], China [ 32 , 33 , 34 ], Lebanon [ 35 ], Tunisia [ 36 ], Spain [ 37 ], New Caledonia [ 38 ] and Greece [ 39 ]. GYM A has been the dominant compound observed ( Figure 1 ), but GYM B has been detected in shellfish from Lebanon and GYM D has been detected in shellfish originating from Spain.…”

Section: Hazard Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Cyclic Imines in Shellfish: Worldwide Occurrence, Toxicity and Assessment of the Risk to Consumers

Finch,

Harwood,

Boundy

et al. 2024

Marine Drugs

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Cyclic imines are a class of lipophilic shellfish toxins comprising gymnodimines, spirolides, pinnatoxins, portimines, pteriatoxins, prorocentrolides, spiro-prorocentrimine, symbiomines and kabirimine. They are structurally diverse, but all share an imine moiety as part of a bicyclic ring system. These compounds are produced by marine microalgal species and are characterized by the rapid death that they induce when injected into mice. Cyclic imines have been detected in a range of shellfish species collected from all over the world, which raises the question as to whether they present a food safety risk. The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) considers them to be an emerging food safety issue, and in this review, the risk posed by these toxins to shellfish consumers is assessed by collating all available occurrence and toxicity data. Except for pinnatoxins, the risk posed to human health by the cyclic imines appears low, although this is based on only a limited dataset. For pinnatoxins, two different health-based guidance values have been proposed at which the concentration should not be exceeded in shellfish (268 and 23 µg PnTX/kg shellfish flesh), with the discrepancy caused by the application of different uncertainty factors. Pinnatoxins have been recorded globally in multiple shellfish species at concentrations of up to 54 times higher than the lower guidance figure. Despite this observation, pinnatoxins have not been associated with recorded human illness, so it appears that the lower guidance value may be conservative. However, there is insufficient data to generate a more robust guidance value, so additional occurrence data and toxicity information are needed.

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Prevalence and distribution of domoic acid and cyclic imines in bivalve mollusks from Beibu Gulf, China

Cited by 25 publications

References 53 publications

Spirolides in Bivalve Mollusk of the Galician (NW Spain) Coast: Interspecific, Spatial, Temporal Variation and Presence of an Isomer of 13-Desmethyl Spirolide C

Spirolides in Bivalve Mollusk of the Galician (NW Spain) Coast: Interspecific, Spatial, Temporal Variation and Presence of an Isomer of 13-Desmethyl Spirolide C

Metabarcoding reveals a high diversity and complex eukaryotic microalgal community in coastal waters of the northern Beibu Gulf, China

A Review of Cyclic Imines in Shellfish: Worldwide Occurrence, Toxicity and Assessment of the Risk to Consumers

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