Prevalence and diversity of Shiga toxin genes in Canada geese and water in western Lake Erie Region

Hsu, Tsung-Ta David; Rea, Chris L.; Yu, Zhongtang; Lee, Ji-Young

doi:10.1016/j.jglr.2015.12.003

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Finally, the final multivariable model included livestock in contact with wild areas, such as forests or wetlands, as a risk factor for the presence of STEC in faecal samples. Wildlife including feral pigs, deer and birds are known reservoirs of STEC [57][58][59][60][61]. A study conducted in California identified a low prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in rodents (0.2%); however, they did not test for non-O157 STEC in samples, which may have a higher prevalence in rodents [62].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A study conducted in California identified a low prevalence of E. coli O157:H7 in rodents (0.2%); however, they did not test for non-O157 STEC in samples, which may have a higher prevalence in rodents [ 62 ]. A 2016 published study discovered the stx2 gene in over 20% of Canada geese faecal samples and 7% of nearby water samples from Lake Eric bordering Ohio, USA [ 58 ]. Another study of wild birds sampled on a California produce farm detected a low prevalence of 0.34% for O157:H7 and 0.5% for non-O157 STEC, which included O-serogroups O103 and O26 [ 61 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in livestock raised on diversified small-scale farms in California

et al. 2022

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in livestock raised on diversified small-scale farms in California

et al. 2022

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“…Interestingly, the only STEC matches by PFGE (O26 and O163) between birds and cattle were isolated from convenience samples from wild geese. Wild geese are known to be carriers of pathogenic E. coli, including STEC (37,38), and a risk factor for O157 exposure in cows (39). Additionally, carriage of the same STEC strain occurred in cattle, as well as in a North American river otter ( Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carriage and Subtypes of Foodborne Pathogens Identified in Wild Birds Residing near Agricultural Lands in California: a Repeated Cross-Sectional Study

Navarro-González

Wright

Aminabadi

et al. 2020

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Current California agricultural practices strive to comanage food safety and habitat conservation on farmland. However, the ecology of foodborne pathogens in wild bird populations, especially those avian species residing in proximity to fresh produce production fields, is not fully understood. In this repeated cross-sectional study, avifauna within agricultural lands in California were sampled over 1 year. Feces, oral swabs, and foot/feather swabs were cultured for zoonotic Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) and characterized by serotyping and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Of 60 avian species sampled, 8 species (13.3%, bird groups of sparrows, icterids, geese, wrens, and kinglets) were positive for at least one of these foodborne pathogens. At the individual bird level, the detection of foodborne pathogens was infrequent in feces (n = 583; 0.5% Salmonella, 0.34% E. coli O157:H7, and 0.5% non-O157 STEC) and in feet/feathers (n = 401; 0.5% non-O157 STEC), and it was absent from oral swabs (n = 353). Several subtypes of public health importance were identified, including Salmonella enterica serotype Newport, E. coli O157:H7, and STEC serogroups O103 and O26. In late summer and autumn, the same STEC subtype was episodically found in several individuals of the same and different avian species, suggesting a common source of contamination in the environment. Sympatric free-range cattle shared subtypes of STEC O26 and O163 with wild geese. A limited rate of positive detection in wild birds provides insights into broad risk profile for contamination considerations but cannot preclude or predict risk on an individual farm. IMPORTANCE The shedding dynamics of foodborne pathogens by wild birds on farmland are not well characterized. This yearlong study sampled wild birds for foodborne pathogens within agricultural lands in northern California. There was a low prevalence of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli O157:H7, and non-O157 Shiga-toxin producing E. coli (prevalence, 0.34% to 0.50%) identified in bird populations in this study. However, pathogens of public health importance (such as Salmonella Newport, E. coli O157:H7, and STEC O103 and O26) were identified in fecal samples, and two birds carried STEC on their feet or feathers. Identical pathogen strains were shared episodically among birds and between wild geese and free-range cattle. This result suggests a common source of contamination in the environment and potential transmission between species. These findings can be used to assess the risk posed by bird intrusions in produce fields and enhance policy decisions toward the comanagement of food safety and farmland habitat conservation.

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“…Various bird species, including chicken, ducks, pigeon, gulls, and geese, have all been reported to carry STEC strains [172][173][174]. Despite this, there are limited studies available on the actual prevalence of STEC amongst bird populations, and it appears that STEC strains are generally rare in birds.…”

Section: Birdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Comprehensive Review on Shiga Toxin Subtypes and Their Niche-Related Distribution Characteristics in Shiga-Toxin-Producing E. coli and Other Bacterial Hosts

Wang,

Yu,

Chui

et al. 2024

Microorganisms

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Shiga toxin (Stx), the main virulence factor of Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), was first discovered in Shigella dysenteriae strains. While several other bacterial species have since been reported to produce Stx, STEC poses the most significant risk to human health due to its widespread prevalence across various animal hosts that have close contact with human populations. Based on its biochemical and molecular characteristics, Shiga toxin can be grouped into two types, Stx1 and Stx2, among which a variety of variants and subtypes have been identified in various bacteria and host species. Interestingly, the different Stx subtypes appear to vary in their host distribution characteristics and in the severity of diseases that they are associated with. As such, this review provides a comprehensive overview on the bacterial species that have been recorded to possess stx genes to date, with a specific focus on the various Stx subtype variants discovered in STEC, their prevalence in certain host species, and their disease-related characteristics. This review provides a better understanding of the Stx subtypes and highlights the need for rapid and accurate approaches to toxin subtyping for the proper evaluation of the health risks associated with Shiga-toxin-related bacterial food contamination and human infections.

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Prevalence and diversity of Shiga toxin genes in Canada geese and water in western Lake Erie Region

Cited by 7 publications

References 20 publications

Risk factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in livestock raised on diversified small-scale farms in California

Risk factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli in livestock raised on diversified small-scale farms in California

Carriage and Subtypes of Foodborne Pathogens Identified in Wild Birds Residing near Agricultural Lands in California: a Repeated Cross-Sectional Study

A Comprehensive Review on Shiga Toxin Subtypes and Their Niche-Related Distribution Characteristics in Shiga-Toxin-Producing E. coli and Other Bacterial Hosts

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