Prevalence and Epidemiological Findings of MDR (Multi-Drug Resistant) Typhoid bacillus in District Swat KPK, Pakistan

Abstract

Typhoid fever remains an imperative public health matter in many developing countries and prevails in areas with poor hygiene, which aids its spread and diligence in the human population. During this study the prevalence of typhoid fever was recorded different with respect to season, months, age and gender among patients visiting the different hospitals and health care centers of selected area. The clinical data collected from the patients were recorded and designated based on age, gender, marital status, monthly occurrence and seasonal occurrence. During year 2012, 2252 were diagnosed for typhoid out of which 346 were positive for typhoid. The occurrence ratio observed high in age group 45-60 (64.16%) while lowest in 0-15 (0. 58%) while gender wise prevalence shows male predominance among all cases (162 female and 184 male). Out of 346 patients, 272 (78.6%) patients were married and 74 (21.4%), monthly occurrence was recorded higher in June, July and August (11.85%, 16. 90%, 17.34%) respectively. The seasonal prevalence was high in summer (55.79%) while it gradually decreases in spring (18.20%), autumn (17.63%) and winter (8.38%). This study was conducted for the first time in district swat to find out the prevalence rate, risk factors associated with typhoid occurrence, to suggest prophylactic measures to local community and give recommendations to Public Health Department to ensure the prevention and control of this fatal disease.