Prevalence and epidemiology of meningococcal carriage in Southern Ethiopia prior to implementation of MenAfriVac, a conjugate vaccine

Bårnes, Guro K.; Kristiansen, Paul A.; Beyene, Demissew; Workalemahu, Bereket; Fissiha, Paulos; Merdekios, Behailu; Bohlin, Jon; Préziosi, Marie-Pierre; Aseffa, Abraham; Caugant, Dominique A.

doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1975-3

Cited by 22 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…No Nm A was detected. The diversity of the isolates remained low but higher than that recorded in the Burkina Faso studies .…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 65%

“…Carriage of N. lactamica was also studied in a rural community in Ethiopia in 2014 . The prevalence of carriage in subjects aged 1–29 years was similar to that seen in Burkina Faso (28.1%) but, unlike the situation in Burkina Faso, varied significantly among districts (kebeles).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…The prevalence of carriage of Nm A in Chad was only about 1%, even though a major epidemic was occurring . In Burkina Faso, significant differences in the carriage prevalence were observed between nearby villages and the same variation in patterns of carriage over short distances was noted in Ethiopia .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In most surveys, capsulated meningococci (mean prevalence 2.8% [95% CI: 1.9%; 5.2%]) were more prevalent than non‐capsulated meningococci (mean prevalence 1.8% [95% CI: 1.0%, 2.4%]) (Table ) but the proportion of non‐capsulated meningococci varied substantially among sites and over time. The highest prevalence of non‐capsulated meningococci was found in Ethiopia .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Narrative review of methods and findings of recent studies on the carriage of meningococci and other Neisseria species in the African Meningitis Belt

Greenwood

Aseffa

Caugant

et al. 2018

Tropical Med Int Health

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Objective To review the findings of studies of pharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis and related species conducted in the African meningitis belt since a previous review published in 2007. Methods PubMed and Web of Science were searched in July 2018 using the terms ‘meningococcal OR Neisseria meningitidis OR lactamica AND carriage AND Africa’, with the search limited to papers published on or after 1st January 2007. We conducted a narrative review of these publications. Results One hundred and thirteen papers were identified using the search terms described above, 20 of which reported new data from surveys conducted in an African meningitis belt country. These papers described 40 surveys conducted before the introduction of the group A meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenAfriVacR) during which 66 707 pharyngeal swabs were obtained. Carriage prevalence of N. meningitidis varied substantially by time and place, ranging from <1% to 24%. The mean pharyngeal carriage prevalence of N. meningitidis across all surveys was 4.5% [95% CI: 3.4%, 6.8%] and that of capsulated N. meningitidis was 2.8% [95% CI: 1.9%; 5.2%]. A study of households provided strong evidence for meningococcal transmission within and outside households. The introduction of MenAfriVac® led to marked reductions in carriage of the serogroup A meningococcus in Burkina Faso and Chad. Conclusions Recent studies employing standardised methods confirm the findings of older studies that carriage of N. meningitidis in the African meningitis belt is highly variable over time and place, but generally occurs with a lower prevalence and shorter duration than reported from industrialised countries.

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“…No Nm A was detected. The diversity of the isolates remained low but higher than that recorded in the Burkina Faso studies .…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 65%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Narrative review of methods and findings of recent studies on the carriage of meningococci and other Neisseria species in the African Meningitis Belt

Greenwood

Aseffa

Caugant

et al. 2018

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…However, there should be other factors that control capsular switching between serogroup A and other N. meningitidis serogroups, such as the imbalanced carriage rate between different serogroups. The N. meningitidis ST-7 serogroup A strain was isolated less occasionally from healthy carriers than with other serogroups that are commonly related to invasive strains (21). Our recent investigation of meningococcal carriage also showed that N. meningitidis serogroup A was rarely detected even in a population with high incidence (data not published).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Genetic Analysis of Neisseria meningitidis Sequence Type 7 Serogroup X Originating from Serogroup A

et al. 2017

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Neisseria meningitidis causes meningococcal disease, often resulting in fulminant meningitis, sepsis, and death. Vaccination programs have been developed to prevent infection of this pathogen, but serogroup replacement is a problem. Capsular switching has been an important survival mechanism for N. meningitidis, allowing the organism to evolve in the present vaccine era. However, related mechanisms have not been completely elucidated. Genetic analysis of capsular switching between diverse serogroups would help further our understanding of this pathogen. In this study, we analyzed the genetic characteristics of the sequence type 7 (ST-7) serogroup X strain that was predicted to arise from ST-7 serogroup A at the genomic level. By comparing the genomic structures and sequences, ST-7 serogroup X was closest to ST-7 serogroup A, whereas eight probable recombination regions, including the capsular gene locus, were identified. This indicated that serogroup X originated from serogroup A by recombination leading to capsular switching. The recombination involved approximately 8,540 bp from the end of the ctrC gene to the middle of the galE gene. There were more recombination regions and strain-specific single-nucleotide polymorphisms in serogroup X than in serogroup A genomes. However, no specific gene was found for each serogroup except those in the capsule gene locus.

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Variation in CFHR3 determines susceptibility to meningococcal disease by controlling factor H concentrations

Kumar¹,

Pouw²,

Autio³

et al. 2022

The American Journal of Human Genetics

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Prevalence and epidemiology of meningococcal carriage in Southern Ethiopia prior to implementation of MenAfriVac, a conjugate vaccine

Cited by 22 publications

References 58 publications

Narrative review of methods and findings of recent studies on the carriage of meningococci and other Neisseria species in the African Meningitis Belt

Narrative review of methods and findings of recent studies on the carriage of meningococci and other Neisseria species in the African Meningitis Belt

Genetic Analysis of Neisseria meningitidis Sequence Type 7 Serogroup X Originating from Serogroup A

Variation in CFHR3 determines susceptibility to meningococcal disease by controlling factor H concentrations

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