Prevalence and ethnic pattern of overweight and obesity among middle-aged and elderly adults in China

Tong, Xiaofeng; Wang, Xiaojun; Wang, Dongming; Chen, Dajie; Dong, Qi; Zhang, Hao; Wang, Zhihong; Lu, Zuxun; Li, Wenzhen

doi:10.1177/2047487319845129

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Substantial gender differences in CVD risks among middle-aged and older people in China were observed, despite indirect comparisons. In general women tend to have a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity than men, which is consistent with a previous study (Song et al , 2018). One possible explanation might be because although men were more likely to adopt an unhealthy lifestyle such as smoking and drinking, women were more likely to be physically inactive than men at older age (Song et al , 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Urban–rural disparities in cardiovascular disease risks among middle-aged and older Chinese: two decades of urbanisation

Zhang¹

2019

Ageing and Society

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China has been undergoing dramatic socio-economic and demographic changes in the last few decades. The rapid growth of the ageing population will pose tremendous challenges to its public health and social welfare system. This study aims to examine how urbanisation has impacted cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks among middle-aged and older Chinese in two decades, from 1991 to 2011. Data were drawn from a nationwide longitudinal data-set of the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) (sweeps 1991, 1993, 1997, 2000, 2004, 2006, 2009 and 2011). Participants aged ⩾45 years old were included. A dynamic urbanisation index was created for each community (village or neighbourhood) based on community-level data that can reveal the heterogeneity within and across places and capture dimensions of social, economic and physical characteristics of urban living over time and space. Multi-level modelling analyses (level 1: occasions; level 2: individuals; level 3: households; level 4: communities) were performed on outcomes of CVD risks such as body mass index, waist circumference, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The results show upward trends in all CVD risks for both genders over 20 years of urbanisation after adjustment for socio-economic and demographic confounders. Urbanisation in China is associated with absolute increases in CVD risks over time among its middle-aged and older people, despite its contribution to relative reduction of the rural–urban gap over time. This is particularly true for women from the least urbanised areas. It is relevant to inform policy-making processes to target the most vulnerable groups of older people in China during its rapid urbanisation process. There is a possibility for policy intervention to reduce inequality during the process of China's planned urbanisation.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Urban–rural disparities in cardiovascular disease risks among middle-aged and older Chinese: two decades of urbanisation

Zhang¹

2019

Ageing and Society

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“…For the calculation of the sample size, the variable used was the obesity rate of older adults in China [ 1 , 48 ]. Using the following formula, the sample size was calculated: N = Z 1-α/2 2 p (1 − p )/e 2 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Along with socioeconomic development and lifestyle changes, overweight and obesity rates in developed and developing countries have increased. In recent years, the rate of overweight and obesity among the elderly in China has risen rapidly [ 1 ]. According to survey data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the overweight rate increased from 26.14% in 2011 to 30.14% in 2015, and the rate of obesity increased from 9.58% to 10.75% [ 1 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, the rate of overweight and obesity among the elderly in China has risen rapidly [ 1 ]. According to survey data of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), the overweight rate increased from 26.14% in 2011 to 30.14% in 2015, and the rate of obesity increased from 9.58% to 10.75% [ 1 ]. Three studies conducted between 2017 and 2018 in Beijing, the capital of China, found that the overweight and obesity rates of the elderly over 65 were 46.64%, 64.96%, and 69.34%, respectively [ 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Association between Neighborhood Food Environment and Body Mass Index among Older Adults in Beijing, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Zhang

Wen

Zhang

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Objective: To investigate the association between the neighborhood food environment and body mass index (BMI) among Chinese older adults. Methods: A multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to recruit participants from 12 communities in Beijing, China, in 2019. Participants (n = 1764, 1034 women) in this study were older adults aged 65 to 80. We collected the participants’ basic information, measured their height and weight, and calculated their BMI. Neighborhood food environments were measured by the density of and proximity to different food outlets using the Baidu Map Application Programming Interface. Adjusted multiple linear regression was performed to estimate the association between the food environment and BMI. Results: Participants had a mean age of 69.7 ± 4.32 years old and an average BMI of 26.3 ± 3.50 kg/m2. Among the three types of stores, convenience stores had the easiest access, followed by greengrocers and supermarkets. Sit-down restaurants had the best access among different restaurants, followed by Chinese fast-food restaurants, and western fast-food restaurants had the worst access. Easier access to greengrocers (β = 0.281, p < 0.001) and sit-down restaurants (β = 0.304, p < 0.001) was associated with higher BMI in the 250 m buffer zone. More supermarkets were associated with higher BMI in the 500 m buffer zone (β = 0.593, p < 0.001). Access to convenience stores was positively associated with BMI in the 800 m buffer zone (β = 0.057, p < 0.001). Better access to Chinese fast-food restaurants was associated with higher BMI (β = 0.071, p = 0.001), and better access to western fast- food restaurants was associated with lower BMI (β = −0.400, p < 0.001) in the 1000 m buffer zone. There was a negative association between the nearest distance to greengrocers and BMI (β = -0.004, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Although we found some significant associations between the neighborhood food environment and obesity, the current results are not strong enough to draw specific conclusions. Policymakers will need to rely on more evidence to derive concrete policy recommendations.

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“…Considering the growing burden from obesity and CVD, 7,8 urgent strategies should be implemented. Although there were several limitations in the study by le Roux et al, 4 including a large proportion of patients with missing BMI data and without considering some important factors in the analysis, such as socioeconomic status, the present study still adds to the evidence of obesity management being essential to reduce healthcare costs.…”

Section: And Guang Haomentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity and cardiovascular risk management is a critical way to reduce healthcare resource pressure

Chen

Hao

2020

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology

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Prevalence and ethnic pattern of overweight and obesity among middle-aged and elderly adults in China

Cited by 23 publications

References 21 publications

Urban–rural disparities in cardiovascular disease risks among middle-aged and older Chinese: two decades of urbanisation

Urban–rural disparities in cardiovascular disease risks among middle-aged and older Chinese: two decades of urbanisation

Association between Neighborhood Food Environment and Body Mass Index among Older Adults in Beijing, China: A Cross-Sectional Study

Obesity and cardiovascular risk management is a critical way to reduce healthcare resource pressure

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