Prevalence and factors associated with overweight and obesity among adults in Hawassa city, southern Ethiopia: a community based cross-sectional study

Abstract

Background In Ethiopia, limited information is available about the epidemiology of over-nutrition. This study assessed the prevalence of, and factors associated with overweight and obesity among adults in Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional survey was conducted in August 2015 in the city. A total of 531 adults 18–64 years of age were selected using multistage sampling approach. Interviewer administered qualitative food frequency questionnaire was used to assess the consumption pattern of twelve food groups. The level of physical exercise was measured via the General Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). Based on anthropometric measurements, Body Mass Index (BMI) was computed and overweight including obesity (BMI of 25 or above) was defined. For identifying predictors of overweight and obesity, multivariable binary logistic regression model was fitted and the outputs are presented using Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CI). Results The prevalence of overweight including obesity was 28.2% (95% CI: 24.2–32.2). Significant proportions of adults had moderate (37.6%) or low (2.6%) physical activity level. As compared to men, women had 2.56 (95% CI: 1.85–4.76) times increased odds of overweight/obesity. With reference to adults 18–24 years of age, the odds were three times higher among adults 45–54 (3.06, 95% CI: 1.29–7.20) and 55–64 (2.88, 95% CI: 1.06–7.84) years. Those from the highest income tercile were 3.16 times (95% CI: 1.88–5.30) more likely to be overweight/obese as compared to adults from the lowest tercile. Having moderate (3.10, 95% CI: 1.72–5.60) or low (4.80 95% CI: 2.50–9.23) physical activity was also significantly associated with the outcome. Further, daily intake of alcohol and, frequent consumption of sweets, meat and eggs were associated with overweight/obesity. Conversely, no significant associations were evident for meal frequency, practices of skipping breakfast, behavior of eating away from home and frequency of consumption of fast foods, fruits and vegetables. Conclusions Prompting active lifestyle, limiting intakes of sweets, advocating optimum consumption of alcohol and calorie dense animal source foods, especially amongst the better-off segment of the population, may reduce the magnitude of over-nutrition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40608-019-0227-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

<p>Magnitude of Obesity/Overweight and Its Associated Factors Among HIV/AIDS Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy in Jimma Zone Hospitals, South West Ethiopia: Hospital-Based Cross-Sectional Study</p>

“…The adverse health consequences of overweight and obesity are well described in the general population and in HIV/AIDS patients. 23 In this study, we examined patients at HIV follow-up clinic in Jimma zone hospitals, Ethiopia, and found that the magnitude of overweight and obesity were 21%. It was found that older age, female sex, early stage of the disease, lower CD4 count and absence of mild to moderate physical activity were significant predictor of obesity/overweight.…”

Magnitude of obesity/overweight and its associated factors among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy in Jimma University Specialized and Teaching hospital, south west Ethiopia: Hospital based Crossectional study

“…The adverse health consequences of overweight and obesity are well described in the general population and in HIV/AIDS patients (24) In this study, we examined patients at HIV follow up clinic in JUSTH, Ethiopia, and found that overweight and obesity were highly prevalent, although not as high as that found in the general population. It was found that older age , female sex , early stage of the disease, lower CD4 cunt and absence of mild to moderate physical activity were significant predictor of obesity/overweight.…”

<p>Urban-Rural Differences in the Trends of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Among Adults Who Received Medical Treatment from Public Hospitals in Resource-Poor Community Tigray, Ethiopia</p>

“…6,25,49 Unlike other studies, we found in this study, women with a higher proportion of T2DM compared to men. This discrepancy could be due to a higher rate of obesity among women compared to their men counterparts 29,30 and history of gestational diabetes mellitus, which is associated with increased risk of subsequent T2D in mothers. 11,28 It is imperative to acknowledge, as our results must be viewed in light of several important limitations.…”

“…27,28 Studies in the US, Italy, and Ethiopia indicate that male participants had a higher risk than female study participants in all age-groups for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes. 17,19,20 But other studies in SSA countries suggested that the prevalence of diabetes is higher among women compared to men; this is due to higher rates of obesity among women, 29,30 or history of gestational diabetes mellitus, which is associated with an increased risk of subsequent T2D in mothers and their offspring. 11,28 Although diabetes brings real economic loss by increased use of health services, loss of productivity, disability and premature death in the developing nations including Ethiopia, robust data on adult diabetes are scarce in Ethiopia as well in Tigray; where most clinical data are not timely assessed and made accessible for policy and decision-makers.…”