Prevalence and factors associated with pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus in Kenya: results from a national survey

Mohamed, Shukri F.; Mwangi, Martin; Mutua, Martin Kavao; Kibachio, Joseph; Hussein, Abubakar; Ndegwa, Zachary; Owondo, Scholastica; Asiki, Gershim; Kyobutungi, Catherine

doi:10.1186/s12889-018-6053-x

Cited by 96 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 45 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Our results suggest that there is an undetected burden of diabetes in rural western Kenya, perhaps greater than the 2-3% estimated in the country-wide survey [19]. The burden of diabetes in the Kombewa HDSS is likely to be higher than what our data determined due to the number people who are not diagnosed and the growing population of people living with diabetes that were not examined in our study.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

“…The burden of diabetes in the Kombewa HDSS is likely to be higher than what our data determined due to the number people who are not diagnosed and the growing population of people living with diabetes that were not examined in our study. The national survey in Kenya show that > 50% of those testing positive for diabetes, via fasting blood glucose, in Kenya are unaware of their condition, making them unlikely to report this in a verbal autopsy interview [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Examination of Mortality Due to Diabetes and Assessment of Diabetes-Related Healthcare Services in Rural Western Kenya

Purdy

Sifuna

Otieno

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe prevalence of diabetes is increasing in low-and middle- income countries, due to the adoption of a western diet and decreased physical activity. Diabetes is often underdiagnosed, and the management of the disease is resource intensive. In this paper, we examine the burden of diabetes on a rural population in western, Kenya and assess the ability of the health care system to diagnose, manage, and treat diabetes. MethodsWe utilized verbal autopsies from the Kombewa Health and Demographic Surveillance Site in rural western Kenya from 2011-2018 to measure the burden of diabetes among the deceased. We classified deaths as either primarily caused by diabetes according to verbal autopsy or as a death of any cause that reported having a previous diagnosis of diabetes. We also conducted a survey of health facilities to measure the capacity of the health system to prevent, diagnose, and manage diabetes.ResultsFrom 2011-2018, 85 people died with diabetes as the verbal autopsy reported primary cause in the region (1.8% of verbal autopsies). An additional 4.6% of verbal autopsies indicated the deceased had a previous known diagnosis of diabetes. Deaths with diabetes as the primary cause of death increased with age and were more likely among men than women. Of the 23 surveyed health facilities, 26% regularly screened for diabetes and 39% managed diabetes in their patients. We found a lack of screening and resources to consistently treat patients with diabetes. All facilities reported not having the full range of medications indicated by the Kenya Essential Medication List to treat diabetes. ConclusionsOur results suggest that the undetected burden of diabetes may be greater in rural Western Kenya than previous country-wide studies suggested. Additionally, our results demonstrate that most health facilities in the region do not have the capacity to screen for diabetes nor do they have stocks of the medications to treat diabetes. This lack of care results in patients being referred to larger hospitals for treatment. As the prevalence of diabetes increases in Kenya, and other low- and middle-income countries, improved detection and treatment of diabetes will be important to limiting the deleterious chronic damage caused by undiagnosed and uncontrolled diabetes.

show abstract

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 61%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Examination of Mortality Due to Diabetes and Assessment of Diabetes-Related Healthcare Services in Rural Western Kenya

Purdy

Sifuna

Otieno

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The first nationally representative survey of 2015 found an age‐standardized DM prevalence of 2.4% with 3.1% of Kenya's population having impaired fasting glycemia . The increasing prevalence and the chronic nature of DM makes it a costly disease both to Kenya's health system and the affected households as it has been shown that persons with diabetes incur up to three times higher medical costs compared with nondiabetics .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patient costs of diabetes mellitus care in public health care facilities in Kenya

Oyando

Njoroge

Nguhiu

et al. 2019

Health Planning & Management

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Objective: To estimate the direct and indirect costs of diabetes mellitus care at five public health facilities in Kenya. Methods:We conducted a cross-sectional study in two counties where diabetes patients aged 18 years and above were interviewed. Data on care-seeking costs were obtained from 163 patients seeking diabetes care at five public facilities using the cost-of-illness approach. Medicines and user charges were classified as direct health care costs while expenses on transport, food, and accommodation were classified as direct non-health care costs. Productivity losses due to diabetes were classified as indirect costs. We computed annual direct and indirect costs borne by these patients. Results: More than half (57.7%) of sampled patients had hypertension comorbidity. Overall, the mean annual direct patient cost was KES 53 907 (95% CI, 43 625.4-64 188.6) (US$ 528.5 [95% CI, 427.7-629.3]). Medicines accounted for 52.4%, transport 22.6%, user charges 17.5%, and food 7.5% of total direct costs. Overall mean annual indirect cost was KES 23 174 (95% CI, 20 910-25 438.8) (US$ 227.2 [95% CI, 205-249.4]). Patients reporting hypertension comorbidity incurred higher costs compared with diabetes---This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Int J Health Plann Mgmt. 2020;35:290-308. wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/hpm 290 only patients. The incidence of catastrophic costs was 63.1% (95% CI, 55.7-70.7) and increased to 75.4% (95% CI, 68.3-82.1) when transport costs were included. Conclusion: There are substantial direct and indirect costs borne by diabetic patients in seeking care from public facilities in Kenya. High incidence of catastrophic costs suggests diabetes services are unaffordable to majority of diabetic patients and illustrate the urgent need to improve financial risk protection to ensure access to care.

show abstract

“…The number of female participants (80, 51.6%) was more than males (75, 48.4%). In the study by Mohamed S. F. et al 10 it was found that majority of the participants 46.1% were in the age group of 18-29 followed by 32.7% in the age group 30-44 and then 15.9% in the age group 45-59 years of age. 66.1% of participants were either married or were living together, and about 51% were females.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

A Study of Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus, Prediabetes and Cardio Metabolic Profile among Rural Population in South India

Sethuram¹,

.²,

Rao³

2019

IJCMR

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Diabetes and prediabetes are rapidly growing in India. Diabetes is the single most important risk factor for cardiovascular disease. As 72.2% of the Indian population resides in rural areas, the current study was carried to assess the prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus, prediabetes and cardio metabolic profile in a rural population. Material and methods: A total of 300 people aged more than 18 years were included in this observational, communitybased study. All the relevant parameters were documented in a structured study proforma. The following investigations were done in all subjects: fasting blood glucose, post prandial blood glucose, fasting lipid profile, electrocardiography and echocardiogram. Results: The prevalence of diabetes was 37.33% and pre diabetes was 8.67% in the current study. Among diabetics mean age was 51.17 years and 43.69 years in prediabetics. Among diabetics 69 (69.6%) were males and 43 (38.4%) were females. Among the prediabetics 43 (38.4%) were males and 12 (46.2%) were females. Among diabetes patients mean Triglycerides (TGL) was 175.24 mg/dl. In this study 128 (42.7%) participants were overweight, 114 (38%) were obese, 85 (28.33%) were alcoholics, 44 (14.67%) were smokers. Conclusion: Higher Total cholesterol, Triglycerides levels are associated with higher chance of prediabetes and diabetes. Increasing age is also a risk factor for prediabetes and diabetes. The prevalence of the diabetics and prediabetes is rising in rural population. Hence it is essential to create awareness about diabetes and accessibility to health care services among rural population.

show abstract

Prevalence and factors associated with pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus in Kenya: results from a national survey

Cited by 96 publications

References 45 publications

Examination of Mortality Due to Diabetes and Assessment of Diabetes-Related Healthcare Services in Rural Western Kenya

Examination of Mortality Due to Diabetes and Assessment of Diabetes-Related Healthcare Services in Rural Western Kenya

Patient costs of diabetes mellitus care in public health care facilities in Kenya

A Study of Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus, Prediabetes and Cardio Metabolic Profile among Rural Population in South India

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About