Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection among under-five children in and around Haro Dumal Town, Bale Zone, Ethiopia

Gadisa, Eshetu; Jote, Kefiyalew

doi:10.1186/s12887-019-1731-0

Cited by 29 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…None of the young children (≤ 2 years) was infected while older PSAC (≥ 3 years) had a prevalence of 5%. This complies with the results obtained from studies conducted in Ethiopia whereby intestinal parasitic infections (including protozoa) were found to increase with age of the PSAC (23,24). The reason could be due to the fact that, parents/guardians are less concerned with older children compared to young children.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…The possible reason for this could be that, PSAC who used latrines were not supervised by their parents/guardians during the process and therefore didn't adhere to the hygienic practices such as proper handwashing after latrine use and anal cleansing. Latrine use and care by themselves (PSAC) was associated with high intestinal parasitic infection (including protozoa) elsewhere (23). In addition, more than 90% of latrines in the two studied communities were not incorporated with handwashing facilities that have water and soap either inside or outside of the latrine.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoa Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among Preschool Aged Children in Mkuranga District, Tanzania: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study

Mustafa

Zacharia

Mushi

2020

Preprint

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Abstract Background: Intestinal protozoa infections are among the serous public health problems in preschool aged children (PSAC) and can lead to considerable health problems such as growth retardation, anemia, nutrition deficiency, physical weakness and mental health problems. In Tanzania, there is a paucity of data on intestinal protozoa infections though the evidence shows that PSAC can be infected. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of intestinal protozoa infections among PSAC and their associated risk factors in Mkuranga district, Tanzania.Methodology: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted between April and June 2019 to determine the prevalence of intestinal protozoa. A total of 525 stool samples were collected from PSAC and processed using formal-ether concentration method. Risk factors were identified using questionnaire interview conducted among parents/guardians. All participants were randomly selected from two villages (one located in rural and another in suburban settings). Data were entered and analysed by using SPSS version 23.Results: A total of 20 (3.8%) out of 525 PSAC were infected with intestinal protozoa (Entamoeba coli or Giardia lamblia). Among the assessed risk factors the following were significantly associated with intestinal protozoa: age of PSAC (AOR = 1.05, p = 0.048), age group of parents/guardians (AOR 30-39 years/50 -59years = 0.16, p = 0.031), household population (AOR 1-5/11+ = 0.15, P = 0.018 and AOR 6-10/11+ = 0.10, P = 0.010) and source of water ((AOR tape within household/spring = 0.004, p = 0.015), (AOR protected well/spring = 0.006, p = 0.023), (AOR bore hole/spring/spring = 0.006, p = 0.012), (AOR tape away of home/spring = 0.009, p = 0.020) and (ARO tape at home/spring = 0.004, p = 0.015)).Conclusion: There was a low prevalence of intestinal protozoa infection among PSAC in the two communities studied. Despite low prevalence of intestinal protozoa, the transmission is present hence the need to initiate control measures. Health education should be provided to parents/guardians of PSAC on protecting water sources, treatment of drinking water and supervision of latrine usage by PSAC and introduction of hand washing facilities are crucial.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoa Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among Preschool Aged Children in Mkuranga District, Tanzania: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study

Mustafa

Zacharia

Mushi

2020

Preprint

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“…Amoebiasis was also diagnosed mostly using Kato-Katz method. Prevalence estimates ranged from 4.6 to 15,3% in Ethiopia ( Gedle et al, 2017 ; Gadisa and Jote, 2019 ; Sisay and Lemma, 2019 ), 5.9 to 58.3% in Kenya ( Kipyegen et al, 2012 ), 54.5% in Rwanda ( Niyizurugero et al, 2013 ), 0.7 to 2.7% in Sudan ( Karrar and Rahim, 1995 ), 19.93% in Uganda ( Ekou et al, 2012 ) and 4.5 to 5.0% in Seychelles ( Kitua et al, 1988 ; Albonico et al, 1996 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Giardiasis mostly diagnosed using Kato-Katz and PCR techniques was reported in Ethiopia (0.6–55.0%) ( de Lucio et al, 2016 ; Gedle et al, 2017 ; Gadisa and Jote, 2019 ; Sisay and Lemma, 2019 ), Kenya (16.6%) ( Kipyegen et al, 2012 ), Rwanda (3.6%) ( Niyizurugero et al, 2013 ), Sudan (21.1%) ( Karrar and Rahim, 1995 ), Uganda (40.7%) ( Johnston et al, 2010 ), Eritrea (45.0%) ( Srikanth and Naik, 2004 ), and Seychelles (3.3–6%) ( Kitua et al, 1988 ; Albonico et al, 1996 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and pattern of waterborne parasitic infections in eastern Africa: A systematic scoping review

Ngowi

2020

Food and Waterborne Parasitology

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Waterborne parasitic diseases form one of common and important public health and economic problems in low- and middle-income countries, though little is known on the burden and patterns of these diseases in most regions. This systematic scoping review informs on the prevalence and pattern of waterborne parasitic infections in eastern Africa from 1st of January 1941 to 31st of December 2019. The review found limited number of published studies on waterborne parasitic diseases, though 13 of the 15 studied countries in eastern Africa provided one or more published report(s) totalling 47 reports. Focus of studies was mainly on schistosomiasis where 44.8% of the 47 retrieved studies reported it. Other frequently reported diseases were giardiasis (23.4% of reports), soil-transmitted helminths (23.4%) and amoebiasis (21.3%). Rarely reported diseases were malaria, cryptosporidiosis, isosporiasis, dracunculiasis and trichomoniasis. Based on parasitological examinations, schistosomiasis prevalence ranged from 17 to 33% in Burundi, 1.9 to 73.9% in Ethiopia, 2.1 to 18% in Kenya, 7.2 to 88.6% in Uganda, 22.9 to 86.3% in Tanzania, 27.2 to 65.8% in Somalia, 15 to >50% in Mauritius, 2.4% in Eritrea and 5.0 to 93.7% in Madagascar. Amoebiasis prevalence was 4.6–15,3% (Ethiopia), 5.9–58.3% (Kenya), 54.5% (Rwanda), 0.7–2.7% (Sudan), 19.93% (Uganda) and 4.5–5.0% (Seychelles). Giardiasis prevalence was 0.6–55.0% (Ethiopia), 16.6% (Kenya), 3.6% (Rwanda), 21.1% (Sudan), 40.7% (Uganda), 45.0% (Eritrea) and 3.3–6.0% (Seychelles). Soil-transmitted helminths prevalence was 41.7–52.4% (Ethiopia), 32.4–40.7% (Kenya), 9997 cases (Rwanda), 85.0% (Somalia), 4.7% (Madagascar) and 1.1–84% (Seychelles), Ascaris lumbricoides , Trichuris trichiura and hookworms were the most common helminths detected. Malaria prevalence was 2.9–4.31% (Ethiopia), an annual episode of 9 million people (Sudan), 13.0% (Tanzania), 146 hospital cases (Madagascar), 1.4–2.0% (Seychelles) and <5.0% in Djibouti. It is also observed that >50% of the populations in eastern Africa region lack improved drinking water sources or sanitation facilities. This may account for the observed high prevalence of the diseases. The author also suggests likely underestimation of the prevalence as most waterborne parasitic diseases are neglected and cases likely only recorded and left unpublished in health facilities. Thus for a thorough mapping of burdens of these diseases, grey literature, including hospital records must be reviewed while interventions focusing on improved water and sanitation are likely to reduce the burden considerably.

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“…Upon further assessment for eligibility, 2 studies were excluded being review articles. Finally, 88 [6,14,16, published studies between 1997 and Fabrauary 2020 ful lling the inclusion criteria were included in the nal analyses [ Figure 1]. The sample size of the included studies ranged from 100 [20] to 15,455 [14].…”

Section: Literature Searches and Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review and Metanalyis of Soil Transmitted Helminths Infections Among Preschool and School-age Children in Ethiopia: Evaluation of Neglected Tropica Diseases (NTDS) Elimination Program by 2020

Chelkeba¹,

Melaku²,

Emana³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Comprehensive nationwide on prevalence, geographic distribution of different species and time trends of soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to provide a summary and location of the available data on STHs infection among preschool and school-age children in Ethiopia. Methods: The search were carried out in Medline via PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Google Scholar on data published between 1995 to Fabruary 2020 for studies describing rate of STHs infection among preschool and school-age in Ethiopian. We followed Patient, intervention, Comparsion and Outcome (PICO) approach to identify the studies. Endnote citation manager software version X9 for Windows was utilized to collect and organize search outcomes (into relevant and irrelevant studies) and for removal duplicate articles . We conducted meta-regression to understand the trends and the source of heterogeneity and pooled the prevalence using ‘metaprop’ command using STATA software version 14.Results: A total of 29,311 of the 61,690 children examined during the period under review were infected with one or more species of intestinal parasites yielding an overall prevalence of 48 % (95%CI: 43-53%). The overall pooled estimate of STHs was 33% (95% CI: 28-38%). The prevalence was 44% (95%CI : 31% - 58%) in SNNPR, 34%((95%CI : 28% - 41%) in Amhara region, 31% (95%CI : 19% - 43%) in Oromia region and 10% (95%CI : 7% - 12%) in Tigray region. Soil-transmitted helminths infection rate has been decreasing from 44% (95% CI:30-57%) pre-Mass Drug Administration (MDA) era (1997-2012) to 30% (95% CI:25-34%) post-MDA (2013-2020), although statistically not significant (p = 0.45). A. lumbricoides was the predominant species with a prevalence of 17%. Conclusion: Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples Region , Amhara and Oromia regions carry the highest burden and are categorized to Moderate Risk Zones (MRZ) and therefore, requiring mass drug administration (MDA) once annually with Albendazole or Mebendazole. Prevalence of SHTs decreased after MDA compared to before MDA, but the decline was not statistically significant. A. lumbricoides was the predominant species of STHs among preschool and school-age children in Ethiopia.

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Prevalence and factors associated with intestinal parasitic infection among under-five children in and around Haro Dumal Town, Bale Zone, Ethiopia

Cited by 29 publications

References 13 publications

Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoa Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among Preschool Aged Children in Mkuranga District, Tanzania: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study

Prevalence of Intestinal Protozoa Infections and Associated Risk Factors Among Preschool Aged Children in Mkuranga District, Tanzania: A Community Based Cross-Sectional Study

Prevalence and pattern of waterborne parasitic infections in eastern Africa: A systematic scoping review

A Systematic Review and Metanalyis of Soil Transmitted Helminths Infections Among Preschool and School-age Children in Ethiopia: Evaluation of Neglected Tropica Diseases (NTDS) Elimination Program by 2020

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