Prevalence and Factors associated with Hearing Impairment in Preschool Children in Albania

Abstract

Background: Hearing impairment (HI), a condition that affects disproportionally children in developing countries, could negatively impact the development of communications skills of involved children when not timely detected and treated. Aims:We aimed to assess the prevalence of HI and the factors and health conditions associated with it, among preschool children in Albania. Study design:Cross-sectional survey.Methods: During November 2009-May 2011 a simple random sample of 400 preschool children aged 4-6 years old and attending public kindergartens in urban and rural areas of Tirana, the capital of Albania were examined about hearing ability via tonal audiometry and tympanometry. HI was defined by a threshold of ≥ 20 dB in the better ear. In addition, objective examination of ear, nose and pharynx was carried out in order to detect potential structures and/or diseases contributing to HI. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the factors associated with HI in this sample of preschool children. Results:In this sample of children (51% females, 73.5% urban residence) the total prevalence of HI was 16%. Otitis Media with effusion, suppurative otitis media and past otitis media was present in 14.6%, 1% and 13.1% of cases, respectively. Upon adjustment for several confounding effects, the only factors significantly associated with HI were current otitis media in objective examination (OR=5.62; 95% CI: 2.18-14.4) and recurrent otitis media in anamnesis (OR=1.82; 95% CI: 1.33-2.51).Conclusions: HI is a common and serious condition that might negatively affects the future development of preschool children. Routine screening of newborn and/or preschool children is an effective way to address this problem in Albania.

Unmask the silent hearing loss: a study of audiological profile in children with chronic adenotonsillitis

“…Missing out on diagnosing HI in children might negatively affect the future development of speech, language and communications skills as well as their academic performance. 8 Furthermore, HI can put children at higher risk of physical, social and emotional abuse and later during adulthood it can be associated with feeling embarrassed, loneliness, social isolation, abuse, depression, uneasy relationships, low career opportunities and low earnings.…”

“…Early detection of HI [in preschool children] and subsequent corrective measures can improve school attainment and communication skills. 8 A study among 1528 preschool children aged 2-7 years suggested that children with mild hearing loss (20-40 dB) had significantly more phonologic, grammar and vocabulary problems compared to normal hearing children (<20 dB), suggesting that even mild hearing loss could be detrimental. 18 Therefore, the detection and treatment of even mild HI is important in order to prevent the adverse effects associated with it.…”