Prevalence and factors associated with malaria parasitaemia in children under the age of five years in Malawi: A comparison study of the 2012 and 2014 Malaria Indicator Surveys (MISs)

Zgambo, Maggie; Mbakaya, Balwani Chingatichifwe; Kalembo, Fatch Welcome

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175537

Cited by 44 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Furthermore, this study found that children who were over two years old had higher odds of being diagnosed with malaria infection than younger children. This is consistent with other studies which reported that malaria prevalence increases with child age (37,38). This may be because younger children in Malawi share a bed with their mothers and are more likely to be covered properly with a blanket or mosquito net than older children.…”

Section: Discussion and Implicationsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…We selected potential covariates of child malaria infection in our model based on current literature in Malawi and other countries in SSA (16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). These were characteristics of the children, who were our study population, characteristics of the parents that in uence childcare practices and characteristics of the household.…”

Section: Explanatory Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Determinants of Malaria Infection Among Children of local farmers in Central Malawi

Chilanga

Collin‐Vézina

MacIntosh

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Malaria is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children under five in Malawi, and especially among those from rural areas of central Malawi. The goal of this study was to examine the prevalence and determinants of malaria infection among children in rural areas of the Dowa district in central Malawi.Methods: A multistage cross-sectional study design was used to systematically sample 523 child‑mother dyads from postnatal clinics. A survey was administered to mothers and a rapid malaria infection diagnostic test was administered to children. The main outcome was positive malaria diagnostic tests in children. Logistic regressions were used to determine risk factors associated with malaria among children aged 2 to 59 months.Results: The prevalence of malaria among children under five years was 35.4%. Results suggest that children of mothers who experienced recent intimate partner violence were more likely to be diagnosed with malaria (AOR: 1.88, 95% CI: 1.19–2.97; P = 0.007) than children of mothers who did not. Children of mothers who had no formal education were more likely to be diagnosed with malaria (AOR: 2.77, 95% CI: 1.24–6.19; P = 0.013) than children of mothers who had received secondary education. Children aged 2 to 5 months and 6 to 11 months were less likely to be diagnosed with malaria (AOR: 0.21, 95% CI: 0.10–0.46; P = 0.000 and AOR: 0.43; 95% CI: 0.22–0.85; P = 0.016, respectively) than children aged 24 to 59 months. Conclusion: We found that the prevalence of malaria infection among children in the study area was comparable to the national level. In addition to available malaria control programs, further attention should be paid to children whose mothers have no formal education, children aged 24 to 59 months and children of mothers that are exposed to IPV in the area.

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Section: Discussion and Implicationsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Explanatory Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Determinants of Malaria Infection Among Children of local farmers in Central Malawi

Chilanga

Collin‐Vézina

MacIntosh

et al. 2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…14 The present study is similar to another study conducted in Mali; the prevalence increased from the previous years, however many interventions in children under 5 years old. 15 In contrast, a study which was conducted in villages surrounding Lake Langano, Oromia region, Ethiopia showed a much higher prevalence of malaria 66.4%. 16 This difference might be seasonal variation for high prevalence of malaria parasite in the study site.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

<p>Prevalence of Malaria and Associated Risk Factors Among Febrile Children Under Five Years: A Cross-Sectional Study in Arba Minch Zuria District, South Ethiopia</p>

Abossie¹,

Yohanes²,

Nedu³

et al. 2020

IDR

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Background: Malaria is a major public health problem affecting humans, particularly in the tropics and subtropics. Children under 5 years old are the group most vulnerable to malaria infection because of less developed immune system. Countries have set targets that led to control and eliminate malaria with interventions of the at-risk groups, however malaria infection remained a major public health challenge in endemic areas. Objective: This study aimed at determining the magnitude of malaria and associated factors among febrile children under 5 years old in Arba Minch "Zuria" district. Methods: The study was conducted from April to May 2017. Blood samples were collected from 271 systematically selected febrile children under 5 years old. Thin and thick blood smears were prepared, stained with 10% Giemsa and examined under light microscope. Data of sociodemographic data, determinant factors, and knowledge and prevention practices of malaria were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using binomial and multinomial regression model in SPSS ® Statistics program, version 25. Results: Among those febrile children, 22.1% (60/271) were positive for malaria; 50.0%, 48.33% and 1.66% of them were positive for Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax and mixed infections of both parasites, respectively. Malaria infection was associated with nearby presence of stagnant water to resident areas (AOR=8.19; 95%CI: 3.62-18.5, P<0.0001). Children who slept under insecticide-treated mosquito nets (ITNs) were more likely to be protected from malaria infection than those did not sleep under an ITNs (AOR=9.65; 95%CI: 4.623-20.15, P<0.0001). Conclusion: Malaria infection is highly prevalent in children aged between 37 and 59 months old, in Arba Minch "Zuria" district. The proximity of residence to stagnant water and the use of ITNs are the most dominant risk factor for malaria infection. Improved access to all malaria interventions is needed to interrupt the transmission at the community level with a special focus on the risk groups.

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“…A child's age affects their exposure and risk of malaria; for example older children had greater malaria prevalence in Malawi (Zgambo et al, 2017), which that study's authors attributed to older children's greater independence and time spent outdoors during evening hours. We included as a control variable the child's age as a binary variable for each year between zero and four to allow for potential non-linear effects.…”

Section: Datamentioning

confidence: 95%

Does Deforestation Increase Malaria Prevalence? Evidence from Satellite Data and Health Surveys

Bauhoff

Busch

2018

SSRN Journal

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Deforestation has been found to increase malaria risk in some settings, while a growing number of studies have found that deforestation increases malaria prevalence in humans, suggesting that in some cases forest conservation might belong in a portfolio of anti-malarial interventions. However, previous studies of deforestation and malaria prevalence were based on a small number of countries and observations, commonly using cross-sectional analyses of less-than-ideal forest data at the aggregate jurisdictional level. In this paper we combine 14 years of high-resolution satellite data on forest loss with individual-level survey data on malaria in more than 60,000 rural children in 17 countries in Africa, and fever in more than 470,000 rural children in 41 countries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia. Adhering to methods that we pre-specified in a pre-analysis plan, we tested ex-ante hypotheses derived from previous literature. We did not find that deforestation increased malaria prevalence nor that intermediate levels of forest cover had higher malaria prevalence. Our findings differ from most previous empirical studies, which found deforestation to be associated with greater malaria prevalence in other contexts. We speculate that this difference may be because deforestation in Africa is largely driven by the slow expansion of subsistence or smallholder agriculture for domestic use by long-time residents in stable socioeconomic settings rather than by rapid clearing for market-driven agricultural exports by new frontier migrants as in Latin America and Asia. Our results imply that at least in Africa anti-malarial efforts should focus on other proven interventions such as bed nets, spraying, and housing improvements. Forest conservation efforts should focus on securing other benefits of forests, including carbon storage, biodiversity habitat, clean water provision, and other goods and services.

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Prevalence and factors associated with malaria parasitaemia in children under the age of five years in Malawi: A comparison study of the 2012 and 2014 Malaria Indicator Surveys (MISs)

Cited by 44 publications

References 29 publications

Prevalence and Determinants of Malaria Infection Among Children of local farmers in Central Malawi

Prevalence and Determinants of Malaria Infection Among Children of local farmers in Central Malawi

<p>Prevalence of Malaria and Associated Risk Factors Among Febrile Children Under Five Years: A Cross-Sectional Study in Arba Minch Zuria District, South Ethiopia</p>

Does Deforestation Increase Malaria Prevalence? Evidence from Satellite Data and Health Surveys

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