Prevalence and factors associated with H. pylori infection in Saudi patients with dyspepsia

Abstract

BackgroundHelicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is a major cause of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and chronic active gastritis that may progress to gastric cancer. Globally, it has been estimated that 50% or more of the world’s population is infected by H. pylori, making it the most widespread infection across the globe.ObjectivesTo determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection and to identify factors associated with H. pylori infection in Saudi patients presenting with dyspepsia.MethodsIn this prospective cross-sectional study, a total of 404 gastric biopsies were endoscopically obtained from 404 patients with dyspepsia from September 2014 to April 2016 (Jazan Province, Saudi Arabia). The specimens were analyzed using the real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The data was examined using descriptive statistics as well as determining the prevalence, and employing Chi square and Fisher exact test. A p-value of ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant in examining the research hypotheses.ResultsThe overall prevalence of H. pylori in Jazan Province was 46.5% (95% CI: 41.7–51.4) and the prevalence was lower among those > 55 years old. Prevalence was higher among urban (50.0%; 95% CI: 43.1–56.8) versus rural (42.1%; 95% CI: 35.1–49.3), but with no significant difference. Prevalence did not show significant difference among different Body Mass Index (BMI) categories, ranging from 40.2% to 47.7%. The prevalence of H. pylori in females was 47.1% (95% CI: 40.4–53.9) versus 45.6% (95% CI: 38.7–52.6) in males. Histopathology findings were associated with H. pylori infection with prevalence of 58.1% among patients with chronic active gastritis, compared to 24.1% and 34.8% among mild and chronic gastritis, respectively.ConclusionOur results indicate that there is a high prevalence of H. pylori among Saudi patients with dyspepsia. Prevalence of H. pylori was high in ages below 55 years. Chronic active gastritis was significantly associated with H. pylori infection. In depth studies are needed to determine associated factors with of H pylori infection in the region

Efficacy of immunohistochemical staining in detecting Helicobacter pylori in Saudi patients with minimal and atypical infection

“…The qRT-PCR analysis of 50 biopsy specimens revealed an H. pylori infection incidence rate of 64%, which was higher than that in other studies, which reported H. pylori infection prevalence of 48.7% and 57% [19,20]. Previous studies in Saudi Arabia have reported that the H. pylori infection prevalence rates ranged from 28-70% with an average of 50% [21]. The variation in H. pylori prevalence rates among different studies can be attributed to differences in patient characteristics, administration of antibiotic therapy, sampling conditions, and qRT-PCR modality.…”

Prevalence and severity of dyspepsia in Saudi Arabia: A survey-based study

“…Although debated whether it is one of the underlying causes or not ( Talley, 2016 ), it was reported that higher prevalence of H. pylori among dyspeptic patients compared to the control individuals ( Selgrad et al, 2008 ). More importantly, two recent studies conducted by Akeel M et al and Alhussaini MS showed that the prevalence rate of H. pylori among Saudi patients with dyspepsia is approximately 47% and 70%, respectively ( Akeel et al, 2018 , Alhussaini, 2017 ). In other words, this implies that H. pylori infection may have contributed to the elevated dyspeptic rate among males in our study.…”

Evaluation of Better Staining Method among Hematoxylin and Eosin, Giemsa and Periodic Acid Schiff-Alcian Blue for the Detection of Helicobacter pylori in Gastric Biopsies

“…It is now well documented that chronic gastritis-related disorders are one of the most prevalent causes of death in humans and their incidence rate is continuously on the rise globally, including in Saudi Arabia ( 20 – 21 ). Despite this, the prognosis for advanced gastric disorders is still limited and poor.…”