Prevalence and fatality rates of COVID-19: What are the reasons for the wide variations worldwide?

Al‐Tawfiq, Jaffar A.; Leonardi, R; Fasoli, Gino; Rigamonti, Daniele

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101711

Cited by 70 publications

(88 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Importantly, more than half of patients with a positive RT-PCR test result may be asymptomatic at the time of testing (16,17). Reported fatality rates vary widely, ranging from 0.3% to 13.1% (18) and are probably dependent on several variables, including the demographics of the population, intensity of testing, available health care resources, and completeness and accuracy of mortality data. Older patients and patients with underlying disease (including diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, respiratory disease, hyperlipidemia, obesity, and chronic kidney and liver disease) may be more susceptible to severe disease (7,19).…”

Section: Clinical Manifestations Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chest CT in COVID-19: What the Radiologist Needs to Know

2020

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Chest CT has a potential role in the diagnosis, detection of complications, and prognostication of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Implementation of appropriate precautionary safety measures, chest CT protocol optimization, and a standardized reporting system based on the pulmonary findings in this disease will enhance the clinical utility of chest CT. However, chest CT examinations may lead to both false-negative and false-positive results. Furthermore, the added value of chest CT in diagnostic decision making is dependent on several dynamic variables, most notably available resources (real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] tests, personal protective equipment, CT scanners, hospital and radiology personnel availability, and isolation room capacity) and the prevalence of both COVID-19 and other diseases with overlapping manifestations at chest CT. Chest CT is valuable to detect both alternative diagnoses and complications of COVID-19 (acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary embolism, and heart failure), while its role for prognostication requires further investigation. The authors describe imaging and managing care of patients with COVID-19, with topics including (a) chest CT protocol, (b) chest CT findings of COVID-19 and its complications, (c) the diagnostic accuracy of chest CT and its role in diagnostic decision making and prognostication, and (d) reporting and communicating chest CT findings. The authors also review other specific topics, including the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of COVID-19, the World Health Organization case definition, the value of performing RT-PCR tests, and the radiology department and personnel impact related to performing chest CT in COVID-19. ©

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Section: Clinical Manifestations Of Covid-19mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chest CT in COVID-19: What the Radiologist Needs to Know

2020

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“…The disease has spread rapidly, can cause severe illness, and is characterized by a high mortality rate in certain groups. Mortality is particularly high in the absence of proven effective standard management measures 3 . One of the problems with the management of this disease is the absence of standardized methods for diagnosis and the inability to estimate prognosis based on clinical features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictors of COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

et al. 2020

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Background: The unpredictability of the progression of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) may be attributed to the low precision of the tools used to predict the prognosis of this disease. Objective: To identify the predictors associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19. Methods: Relevant articles from PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science were searched and extracted as of April 5, 2020. Data of interest were collected and evaluated for their compatibility for the meta-analysis. Cumulative calculations to determine the correlation and effect estimates were performed using the Z test. Results: In total, 19 papers recording 1,934 mild and 1,644 severe cases of COVID-19 were included. Based on the initial evaluation, 62 potential risk factors were identified for the meta-analysis. Several comorbidities, including chronic respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and hypertension were observed more frequent among patients with severe COVID-19 than with the mild ones. Compared to the mild form, severe COVID-19 was associated with symptoms such as dyspnea, anorexia, fatigue, increased respiratory rate, and high systolic blood pressure. Lower levels of lymphocytes and hemoglobin; elevated levels of leukocytes, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, blood creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, high-sensitivity troponin, creatine kinase, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin 6, D-dimer, ferritin, lactate dehydrogenase, and procalcitonin; and a high erythrocyte sedimentation rate were also associated with severe COVID-19. Conclusion: More than 30 risk factors are associated with a higher risk of severe COVID-19. These may serve as useful baseline parameters in the development of prediction tools for COVID-19 prognosis.

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“…Al-Tawfiq reported that according to the available data as of April 16, 2020 the number of assured cases/million in Saudi Arabia is 168 [13], but after that the case increased intensely. The present study showed that the rate of disease prevalence was increased in Saudi Arabia; out of 34,871,847 people, there were 285793 confirmed case till the 7 th of August (0.82% of the population had 285793).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence of COVID-19 in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia

Ahmed

2020

JPRI

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Aim: Forecasting the prevalence of the disease is important for health departments to strengthen surveillance systems and reallocate resources. The aim of this study is to assess the occurrence of COVID-19 in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study that included data about the occurrence of COVID-19 cases in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia between the 12th of July, 2020 till 5th of august, 2020. Data were extracted from Saudi Ministry of Health official site and also from Saudi Ministry of Health page on Facebook. Results: The rate of cases in Alkharj were low in comparison with other cities. The number of population in Saudi Arabia was 34,871,847 in 2020. among of these people, More than 425,300 live in Alkharj. So Alkharj residents represent about 1.219 % of the total population in Saudi Arabia. COVID-19 cases in Alkharj represent only 0.576% of total cases in Saudi Arabia. In Alkharj, only 0.387 % of the population suffered from COVID-19 (out of 425,300 people there were 1646 COVID-19 patients) Conclusion: This study showed a reduction in the number of COVID-19 cases but still it is essential to implement the preventive measures to reduce the number of COVID-19 cases.

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Prevalence and fatality rates of COVID-19: What are the reasons for the wide variations worldwide?

Cited by 70 publications

References 6 publications

Chest CT in COVID-19: What the Radiologist Needs to Know

Chest CT in COVID-19: What the Radiologist Needs to Know

Predictors of COVID-19 severity: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Cross-Sectional Study of Prevalence of COVID-19 in Alkharj, Saudi Arabia

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