Prevalence and genetic characterization of Giardia lamblia in relation to diarrhea in Limpopo and Gauteng provinces, South Africa

Samie, Amidou; Tanih, Nicoline F.; Seisa, Itumeleng; Seheri, Mapaseka L; Mphahlele, Jeffrey; ElBakri, Ali; Mbati, Peter A.

doi:10.1016/j.parepi.2020.e00140

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The present study shows a result nearly similar to other study in South Africa where the male were more infected by assemblage B than female patients , while not similar Heyworth ( 2016 ) found that assemblage A was higher from assemblage B in male (15) .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Molecular Diagnosis and Genotype Analysis of Giardia lambelia in Diarrheal Patient in Al-Diwaniyah Province-Iraq

Saad Salim Mahal,

Ghada B. Al-Omashi

2021

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

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Three hundred and fifty-six stool samples were collected from the beginning of October 2019 till the end of February 2020 from patients who suffering from gastrointestinal symptoms ,general stool examination was done for detect the cysts and trophozoites of Giardia lamblia using direct smear and flotation method. The results showed that 105 out of 356 samples were positive ( 29.49 %) . Nested PCR were done to the sixty samples from the positive results microscopically selected randomly , triosephosphateisomerase (TPI) gene that using in detection Giardia lamblia genotype shows result that positive samples of (A,B,E) while not showed result positive to F . The current study also showed high significant association ( P <0.01) , and noted that the genotype B is the most common than genotype A, where the number of infected samples with the genetic pattern B 24/60 with percent 40% while the number of infected samples with genetic pattern A 18/60 with percent 30%.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…(M) Marker ladder (1500-100bp). Lane (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15) No positive Giardia intestinalis assemblage F at 140bp Nested PCR product.…”

Section: Giardia Lamblia Assemblage Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Diagnosis and Genotype Analysis of Giardia lambelia in Diarrheal Patient in Al-Diwaniyah Province-Iraq

Saad Salim Mahal,

Ghada B. Al-Omashi

2021

Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology

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“…Similarly, Wang et al [14] in Spain, Bahrami et al [11] in Iran, Puebla et al [19] in Cuba reported that the prevalence of giardiasis was higher in males; however, the prevalence of giardiasis of mixed assemblages was the same in both sexes in Spain and Cuba. Samie et al [17] in South Africa and Colli et al [20] in Brazil countered our results as the prevalence of giardiasis of their fecal samples was higher in females.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 77%

“…Our findings were similar to those of Wang et al [14] in Spain as the prevalence of assemblage B was higher among their children patients aged from 0-12; however, the prevalence of assemblage A was higher among their patients aged from 23-75. Similarly, Samie et al [17] in South Africa and Bahrami et al [11] in Iran reported that the prevalence of giardiasis was at its peak in children and young adults. In contrast, Minetti et al [18] in England reported that their highest prevalence rate of giardiasis was observed in patients aged from 30-49 years.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Molecular genotyping of Giardia lamblia assemblages by conventional PCR in rural and urban areas in Egypt.

Abozahra¹,

Mokhles²,

Baraka³

2021

Microbes and Infectious Diseases

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Background: Giardiasis is one of the most important parasitic gastro-intestinal infections that affect humans worldwide. Children are the most affected age group either in developing or developed countries. Genotyping of Giardia lamblia by molecular techniques classified it into eight assemblages; of which, assemblages A and B are potentially zoonotic pathogens. This study was done to investigate the prevalence of different Giardia lamblia genotypes by conventional polymerse chain reaction (PCR), and to explore the environmental and patientsʼ sociodemographic factors that may affect the disease prevalence. Methods: Two hundreds fecal samples were collected at Damanhour General Hospital from patients with gastrointestinal diseases. All samples were examined microscopically, and the positive ones were investigated by conventional PCR. Results: Giardiasis was detected in 92 (46%) samples. Eighty-eight samples gave positive results by PCR, 18% of which were assemblage A, 70.5% were assemblage B, and 11.5% were mixed infection of both assemblages. The infection was more prevalent in males, rural patients and the highly educated ones. Conclusion:This study presents critical and demonstrative data regarding public health in Egypt. The results reveal that the prevalence of giardiasis is high among both rural and urban patients, particularly in children. It also prevails in patients of all education levels, and patients dealing and not dealing with animals. Moreover, we recommend PCR amplifying the triose phosphate isomerase (tpi) gene in fresh fecal samples as a very effective method for the diagnosis and genotyping.

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“…Consequently, if there are COVID-19 infected patients living in such communities that have their pit latrines closer to their drinking water sources, the risk of getting infected with the virus through oral ingestion of the virus-contaminated water is very high. Similar observations about water-borne diseases such as diarrhoea and gastroenteritis in Africa are very common ( Oppong et al, 2020 ; Samie et al, 2020 ). Indiscriminate open defection around surface and groundwater sources in Africa have also been reported in the literature ( Elisante and Muzuka, 2016 ; Anornu et al, 2017 ; Back et al, 2018 ; Abanyie et al, 2020 ; Houéménou et al, 2020 ; Mutono et al, 2020 ; Owamah, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 71%

Sources and routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in water systems in Africa: Are there any sustainable remedies?

Sunkari

Korboe

Abu³

et al. 2021

Science of The Total Environment

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Governments across the globe are currently besieged with the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Although some countries have been largely affected by this pandemic, others are only slightly affected. In this regard, every government is taking precautionary measures to mitigate the adverse effects of COVID-19. SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in wastewater raising an alarm for Africa due to the poor water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) facilities. Also, most countries in Africa do not have resilient policies governing sanitation and water management systems, which expose them to higher risk levels for the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Therefore, this study unearthed the likely sources and routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in water systems (mainly wastewater) in Africa through a holistic review of published works. This provided the opportunity to propose sustainable remedial measures, which can be extrapolated to most developing countries in the world. The principal sources and routes of potential transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in water systems are hospital sewage, waste from isolation and quarantine centres, faecal-oral transmission, contaminated surface and groundwater sources, and contaminated sewage. The envisioned overwhelming impact of these sources on the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 through water systems in Africa suggests that governments need to put stringent and sustainable measures to curtail the scourge. Hence, it is proposed that governments in Africa must put measures like improved WASH facilities and public awareness campaigns, suburbanization of wastewater treatment facilities, utilizing low-cost point-of-use water treatment systems, legally backed policy interventions, and Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS). SARS-CoV-2 in water systems can be inactivated and destroyed by integrating ozonation, chlorination, UV irradiation, and sodium hypochlorite in low-cost point-of-use treatment systems. These proposed sustainable remedial measures can help policymakers in Africa to effectively monitor and manage the untoward impact of SARS-CoV-2 on water systems and consequently, on the health of the general public.

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Prevalence and genetic characterization of Giardia lamblia in relation to diarrhea in Limpopo and Gauteng provinces, South Africa

Cited by 24 publications

References 35 publications

Molecular Diagnosis and Genotype Analysis of Giardia lambelia in Diarrheal Patient in Al-Diwaniyah Province-Iraq

Molecular Diagnosis and Genotype Analysis of Giardia lambelia in Diarrheal Patient in Al-Diwaniyah Province-Iraq

Molecular genotyping of Giardia lamblia assemblages by conventional PCR in rural and urban areas in Egypt.

Sources and routes of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in water systems in Africa: Are there any sustainable remedies?

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