Prevalence and genetic characterization of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in grazing horses in Xinjiang, northwestern China

Wu, Jing; Cui, Yanyan; Yu, Fuchang; Muhatai, Gemingguli; Tao, Dayong; Zhao, Aiyun; Ning, Changshen; Qi, Meng

doi:10.1007/s00436-022-07749-4

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The PCR-positivity for T. equi was found to be 7.40% (23/311). While it is close to the rate previously reported in horses in Türkiye (8.8%) ( 63 ), it is generally lower than the positivity rates reported in many parts of the world such as 19.7% in Türkiye ( 49 ), 38.9% in China ( 50 ), 44.5% in Spain ( 64 ), 61.9% in Gambia ( 65 ), 70.3% in Italy ( 66 ), 73.0% in Cuba ( 47 ). The differences among T. equi positivity rates may be related to sample numbers, the method used in the studies, age groups, animal management system, ecological factors, tick species in the region, and other risk factors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Molecular diagnostic techniques, especially PCR, stand out with their superiority in both specificity and sensitivity in the diagnosis of EP. In recent years, these methods have been widely used in epidemiological studies (46)(47)(48)(49)(50). Although the presence of different TBPs in cattle, sheep, and dogs (HM species, B. vogeli, B. vulpes, A. centrale, A. capra, A. phagocytophilum-like 1, A. ovis, B. major, T. annulata, and T. orientalis) has been previously reported in Kyrgyzstan (14,15,(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36), this study is the first molecular study investigating TBPs in horses in the country.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survey of tick-borne pathogens in grazing horses in Kyrgyzstan: phylogenetic analysis, genetic diversity, and prevalence of Theileria equi

Altay,

Erol,

Sahin

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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IntroductionTick-borne pathogens (TBP) are an important group of organisms that can affect animals and humans all over the world. Equine piroplasmosis (EP), caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi, is considered one of the most important tick-borne diseases and can cause significant clinical symptoms and mortality in horses. Moreover, EP plays a restrictive role in international horse traditions and transportation. Although these species can cause similar symptoms, there are different 18S rRNA genotypes of T. equi (five genotypes) and B. caballi (three genotypes). Besides piroplasma species, Anaplasma and hemotropic mycoplasmas (HM) are known as other important tick-borne pathogens reported in horses.MethodsIn this study, we investigated the presence, prevalence, genetic diversity, and phylogenetic analyses of TBPs using PCRs and DNA sequencing in grazing horses in Kyrgyzstan. For these purposes, a total of 311 blood samples were collected from Chuy, Issyk-Kul, Naryn, Osh, Talas, and Jalal-Abad.ResultsDNA amplification of TBP revealed that 23 (7.40%) out of 311 samples were found to be positive for T. equi. However, B. caballi, HM, A. phagocytophilum, and A. capra were not detected in this study. The infection rate of T. equi was higher in males (8.11%) than in females (6.35%) (p=0.2880) and in those older than 5 years (9.02%) than in the 1-4 age group (6.35%) (p=0.1950). Phylogenetic analysis of 18S rRNA revealed that A and E genotypes of T. equi have circulated in grazing horses in Kyrgyzstan.DiscussionInformation about the genetic diversity of T. equi is important for understanding the population dynamics of the species and developing effective control strategies against this pathogen. This is the first molecular investigation of A. capra in horses in Kyrgyzstan. Although this pathogen has been detected in different hosts in Kyrgyzstan, it was not detected in this study. However, considering the wide host spectrum of A. capra, it is thought that more large-scale studies are needed to understand the effect of horses on the epidemiology of this pathogen.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey of tick-borne pathogens in grazing horses in Kyrgyzstan: phylogenetic analysis, genetic diversity, and prevalence of Theileria equi

Altay,

Erol,

Sahin

et al. 2024

Front. Vet. Sci.

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“…Several studies have reported the prevalence of EP in horses in China (Song et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2023 ; Wang et al, 2020 ). However, few studies have been carried out on EP in donkeys (Chahan et al, 2006 ; Zhao et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular detection of piroplasms in domestic donkeys in Xinjiang, China

Cui,

Cao,

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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BackgroundPiroplasmosis is a common and prevalent tick‐borne disease that affects equids.ObjectivesTo determine the infection and molecular characteristics of the piroplasms in donkeys from Xinjiang, northwestern China, we undertook a cross sectional study by collecting representative samples across several counties within the region.MethodsA total of 344 blood samples were collected from adult domestic donkeys from 13 counties in Xinjiang. PCR was conducted to test for T. equi and B. caballi in the blood samples based on the equine merozoite antigen‐1 (Ema‐1) gene and the 48 kDa rhoptry protein (BC48) gene, respectively.ResultsSixteen blood samples tested positive for piroplasms and the overall infection rate was 4.7% (16/344). Seven of the 13 counties were positive for piroplasms. Among the 16 piroplasm‐positive samples, 15 were singly infected with T. equi with an infection rate of 4.4% (15/344), and coinfection with T. equi and B. caballi was detected in one sample (0.3%, 1/344) from Wushi. Four T. equi sequence genotypes were identified and grouped into different branches of the evolutionary trees.ConclusionThese findings suggest that the infection rate of piroplasms is low in domestic donkeys in southern Xinjiang and that T. equi genotypes have a regional distribution.

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Molecular prevalence and genotypic diversity of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infecting horses in Kyrgyzstan

Atabek,

Zhyldyz,

Aitakin

et al. 2024

Parasitology International

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Prevalence and genetic characterization of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi in grazing horses in Xinjiang, northwestern China

Cited by 6 publications

References 24 publications

Survey of tick-borne pathogens in grazing horses in Kyrgyzstan: phylogenetic analysis, genetic diversity, and prevalence of Theileria equi

Survey of tick-borne pathogens in grazing horses in Kyrgyzstan: phylogenetic analysis, genetic diversity, and prevalence of Theileria equi

Molecular detection of piroplasms in domestic donkeys in Xinjiang, China

Molecular prevalence and genotypic diversity of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infecting horses in Kyrgyzstan

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