Prevalence and genetic lineages of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization and urinary tract infection among people living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria: A systematic review

Abdullahi, Idris Nasir; Issaoui, Rabeb; Usman, Yahaya

doi:10.1016/j.ijregi.2022.05.009

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 56 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…In this study, we investigated the antibiotic resistance profile of S. aureus recovered from hospitalized orthopaedic patients at the NOHD, and reported a prevalence of 26.8%. In a systematic review, a lower prevalence of 18.2% was reported for nasal carriage and urinary tract infection among patients with HIV/ AIDS in Nigeria (23). Majority of orthopaedic patients require implants, and since wounds such as burns are frequently left exposed and heal slowly, these circumstances may have contributed to the high prevalence observed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of clinical vanA-type vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala, Kano, Nigeria

Abdulrahim,

Oche,

Kachallah

et al. 2023

Af J Clin Exp Micro

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: The increasing prevalence of multi drug resistance (MDR) in strains of Staphylococcus aureus is a major challenge in the selection of an appropriate therapeutic agents, especially in persistent orthopaedic infections. This study investigated the patterns of antimicrobial resistance and identified the genetic determinants of resistance in S. aureus isolates from orthopaedic patients. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study of hospitalized patients at National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala (NOHD), Kano, Nigeria from whom urine samples, and nasal and wound swabs were collected for isolation of S. aureus. Samples were cultured on standard media and S. aureus isolated and identified using both conventional biochemical tests and a standard rapid diagnostic kit. The antibiotic susceptibility was determined to a panel of 15 antibiotics using the modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each isolate was determined using vancomycin Epsilon-test strip. mecA and vanA were detected by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. Results: From the total of 134 samples, S. aureus was isolated from 36 (26.8%); 10 (7.4%) from urine, 13 (9.7%) from nasal swab, and 13 (9.7%) from wound swab. Thirty-four (94.4%) isolates were phenotypically methicillin (cefoxitin) resistant (MRSA), while 2 (5.6%) isolates were methicillin sensitive (MSSA). Phenotypic resistance rate of the S. aureus isolates was highest to gentamicin (94.4%), followed by penicillin (88.8%), cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones (87.4%), while rate was lowest to vancomycin (11.1%, 4/36). Seventeen (47.2%) were MDR, 16 (44.4%) were extensively drug resistant (XDR), and 2 (5.6%) were pan-drug resistant (PDR) S. aureus isolates. The mecA gene was detected in 4 (11.8%) of the 34 phenotypic MRSA isolates and vanA genes in 2 (50.0%) of the 4 phenotypic VRSA isolates. Conclusion: The detection of vanA and mecA in clinical S. aureus isolates in this study is an indication that clinical VRSA has emerged in MRSA population in Nigeria. This emergence can pose a major threat to primary care-givers and a public health challenge among the daily inhabitants of National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala (NOHD), Kano and the community at large.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of clinical vanA-type vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates in National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala, Kano, Nigeria

Abdulrahim,

Oche,

Kachallah

et al. 2023

Af J Clin Exp Micro

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urinary tract infections causing bacterial isolates and associated risk factors among HIV patients in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Kahsay,

Gebrehiwot,

Gebreyohannes

et al. 2024

BMC Microbiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background Urinary tract infections, a prevalent global infectious disease, are clinical issues not well studied in HIV-positive individuals. UTIs have become a global drug resistance issue, but the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of UTI-causing bacteria among HIV patients in Tigray, Ethiopia, are poorly understood. This study aims to identify the prevalence of UTI-causing bacteria, their antibiotic susceptibility patterns, and associated risk factors in HIV patients attending ART clinics at Mekelle General Hospital and Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Method Clean-catch midstream urine samples (10–15 mL) were collected from HIV patients who are attending ART clinics at Mekelle General Hospital and Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. Samples were analyzed based on standard microbiological protocols using cysteine-lactose electrolyte deficient (CLED) agar. Pure colonies of bacterial isolates were obtained by sub-culturing into Mac-Conkey, Manitol Salt agar and blood agar plates. The bacterial isolates were then identified using macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, and Gram staining methods. Gram-negative bacteria were identified using biochemical tests like triple sugar iron agar, Simon’s citrate agar, lysine iron agar, urea, motility test, and indol test, whereas Gram-positive isolates were identified using catalase and coagulase tests. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion technique was used to analyze the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. Results Among the 224 patients, 28 (12.5%) of them had been infected by UTIs-causing bacteria. E. coli was the dominant bacterium (16 (57%)) followed by K. pneumoniae (4 (14%)), and S. aureus (3 (11%)). Of the total bacterial isolates, 22 (78.6%) of them developed multi-drug resistance. All Gram-positive (100%) and 75% of Gram-negative bacterial isolates were found to be resistant to two or more drugs. Patients with a history of UTIs, and with CD4 count < 200 cells/ mm3, were more likely to have significant bacteriuria. Compared to male patients, female patients were more affected by the UTIs-causing bacteria. More than 93% of the UTIs-causing bacterial isolates were susceptible to nitrofurantoin, ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, and gentamycin; whereas they are highly resistant to ampicillin (96%), cotrimoxazole (82%) and tetracycline (71%). Conclusions Most of the bacterial isolates were highly resistant to ampicillin, cotrimoxazole, and tetracycline. Female patients were more affected by the UTIs causing bacteria. The highest prevalence (12.5%) of UTIs in HIV patients needs special attention for better management and monitoring. Previous UTI history and immune suppression are predictors of UTIs, highlighting the need for intervention measures involving molecular studies to identify resistant bacteria genes and promote patient immune reconstitution.

show abstract

Prevalence and genetic lineages of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization and urinary tract infection among people living with HIV/AIDS in Nigeria: A systematic review

Cited by 2 publications

References 56 publications

Emergence of clinical <i>vanA</i>-type vancomycin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates in National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala, Kano, Nigeria

Emergence of clinical <i>vanA</i>-type vancomycin-resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates in National Orthopaedic Hospital Dala, Kano, Nigeria

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urinary tract infections causing bacterial isolates and associated risk factors among HIV patients in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About