Prevalence and genetic parameters for cryptorchidism in Swedish-born Icelandic horses

Eriksson, Staffan; Jäderkvist, Kim; Dalin, Anne-Marie; Axelsson, J.; Lindgren, Gabriella

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2015.06.022

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…28 Recently, the heritability of cryptorchidism was estimated to be between 0.12 and 0.32 in Swedish-born Icelandic horses. 9 In Friesian horses, a prevalence of cryptorchidism of 14.2% and a heritability estimate of 0.13 were reported in one study. 29 Investigation of 7 candidate genes potentially involved in abnormal testicular descent (Androgen receptor, insulin-like peptide 3, relaxin/insulin like family peptide receptor 2, nuclear receptor 5 Orpheus 1 gene, and the HOXA 10) failed to demonstrate an association.…”

Section: Role Of Genetics In Cryptorchidismmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Cryptorchidism in stallions

Arroyo

Tibary

2023

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Cryptorchidism is the most common disorder of sexual development in the male. The etiopathogenesis of cryptorchidism remains poorly understood and may involve genetic and environmental factors. The condition is obvious in horses with a good history, but diagnosis of cryptorchidism can be challenging in an apparently gelded horse presenting with stallion-like behavior and hemicastrated horses. Determination of the location of the retained testis is important for the selection of the surgical approach for cryptorchidectomy. The objective of this paper is to review current knowledge regarding pathogenesis of cryptorchidism in the equine, and methods for diagnosis including ultrasonographic determination of the location of the retained testis. A discussion of cryptorchidectomy approaches and possible complications is presented.

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Section: Role Of Genetics In Cryptorchidismmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…2 This breed predisposition was confirmed by other authors. 3,6,7 A high incidence of cryptorchidism was reported in Friesian, 8 Swedish Icelandic, 9 and Mangalarga horses. 6 This suggests a genetic component in the etiology of the defect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Cryptorchidism in stallions

Arroyo

Tibary

2023

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“…In horses, testicular descent generally occurs 30 days prior to and up to 2 weeks after birth [4], when there is an incomplete descent of one or both testicles, the animal is considered a cryptorchid [15,18]. Cryptorchidism is a hereditary disorder with moderated to high heritability of 0.12 to 0.32 in horses [7] and frequently unilateral [6,18]. Cryptorchidism is common in companion animals, pigs, humans (2-12%) [1], cattle and sheep (1%) [1], stallions (2-8%) [6,13,14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular Teratoma in a Unilateral Right-Sided Abdominal Cryptorchid Horse

Ugolini

Santos

Costa

et al. 2019

Acta Scientiae. Vet.

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Background: Cryptorchidism is characterized by the incomplete descent of one or both testicles to the scrotum, being a hereditary alteration and frequently an unilateral condition. Besides the sexual and aggressive behaviour, the retained testicle is commonly located in abdominal cavity, being considered a risk factor for neoplasm development. The most common testicular neoplasm reported in mammalian species are Sertoli cell tumors, Leydig cell tumors, seminomas and teratomas. A presumptive diagnosis of testicular tumor can be achieved by ultrasonography, although the definitive diagnosis is obtained only by histopathology. In this report, we are presenting a case of testicular teratoma in an unilateral abdominal cryptorchid horse. Case: A 3 year-old stallion, American Quarter Horse, was attended and presented a right testicle retained inside the abdomen and a left testicle in the scrotum. Transrectal palpation was used to identify a round and firm structure, presumably the right testicle, lateral to the urinary bladder and located inside abdomen. Further, a transrectal ultrasound examination showed a complex, round mass with irregular edges containing both cystic and solid structures, hypoechoic fluid-filled cavities separated by linear hyperechoic septa. After a clinical examination, the animal was diagnosed with cryptorchidism and was submitted to orchiectomy and cryptorchidectomy by inguinal approach. Surgery was performed under general anesthesia and postoperative care included cold shower, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic therapy. Testicles were surgically removed and further sent for histopathological examination. The visual appearance of the right undescended testicle showed multiple round, cystic, and solid structures on outer surface, while the left descended testicle was apparently normal. The macroscopic evaluation showed that the affected testicle consisted of a firm solid mass with multiple fluid-filled cystic areas. Microscopically, the testicular architecture was replaced by cysts, fibrous tissue, adipose tissue, glandular structures, and foci of calcification. The histology revealed that the retained testicle had a testicular teratoma. Discussion: Reproductive disorders are common in horses and represent a significant part of the equine practitioner routine. Equine cryptorchidism is the most common non-lethal developmental defect of stallions. Surgery is the best treatment, since this alteration is hereditary. Teratomas have been reported more often in cryptorchid testicles, being usually just diagnosed as an incidental finding during surgical procedure. Under field conditions, usually the testicles are not sent for histopathological evaluation and this fact can contribute to underdiagnoses. Ultrasonography allows clinicians to determine testis location, morphological changes in the testes, as well as to elaborate a presumptive diagnose of testicular neoplasm. Histopathology is the best exam to achieve definitive diagnoses in the presence of testicular alterations. In our report, diagnosis of tes...

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“…Testicular descent involves hormonal and physical mechanisms, and its failure is multifactorial [ 59 ]. Recent studies have shown that genetics play a role in some populations of horses (Friesians and Swedish-born Icelandic horses) [ 60 , 61 ]. Due to the genetic component, the Stud Book rules of most of the breeds exclude cryptorchid stallions from breeding stock.…”

Section: Congenital Abnormalities Of the Testismentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Approach to Equine Testicular Disorders

Waqas,

Arroyo,

Tibary

2024

Veterinary Sciences

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Management of breeding stallions is crucial to equine reproduction. The longevity of the breeding career is the ultimate objective, whether the stallion is used for natural cover or for semen collection and artificial insemination. Stud farm veterinarians should be aware of the techniques used to evaluate testicular function and the diagnostic approach to testicular disorders in cases of emergency. This paper presents the clinical methods used to evaluate testicular health, including palpation, ultrasonography, biopsy, and fine-needle aspiration. The discussion of testicular disorders is broken down into four categories: congenital disorders (cryptorchidism, monorchidism, and testicular hypoplasia), differential diagnosis of scrotal enlargement, differential diagnosis of causes of progressive testicular enlargement, and differential diagnosis of testicular asymmetry or reduction in size with an emphasis on testicular degeneration. The sudden increase in testicular size is often accompanied by severe clinical signs and is a major cause for referral of stallion for surgery. Testicular disorders are illustrated with clinical cases seen by the authors.

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Prevalence and genetic parameters for cryptorchidism in Swedish-born Icelandic horses

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Cryptorchidism in stallions

Cryptorchidism in stallions

Testicular Teratoma in a Unilateral Right-Sided Abdominal Cryptorchid Horse

Diagnostic Approach to Equine Testicular Disorders

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