Prevalence and genomic characterization of Group A <i>Streptococcus dysgalactiae</i> subsp. <i>equisimilis</i> isolated from patients with invasive infections in Toyama prefecture, Japan

Ishihara, Haruka; Ogura, Kohei; Miyoshi‐Akiyama, Tohru; Nakamura, Masahiko; Kaya, Hiroyasu; Okamoto, Shigefumi

doi:10.1111/1348-0421.12760

Cited by 11 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…pyogenes (M1-476) together after first calculating their respective copy numbers (). Chochua et al reported that all of the 35 GA-SDSE strains isolated in the United States belonged to ST128 by MLST as well as TPCH-A74 and TPCH-A88 [6], while TPCH-A19 belonged to a different ST (ST471) [7]. The average nucleotide identity was very high between TPCH-A74 and TPCH-A88.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Three GA-SDSE strains (TPCH-A19, TPCH-A74, and TPCH-A88) were isolated from patients with bacteremia at the Toyama Prefecture Central Hospital in Japan in 2014 (TPCH-A19), 2017 (TPCH-A74), and 2018 (TPCH-A88) [7]. The bacteria were grown overnight in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI, Becton Dickinson) medium at 37 °C with 5% CO₂.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Barcoded libraries were generated using the Rapid Barcoding Kit (Oxford Nanopore), and their sequences were obtained using the MinION Mk1C (Oxford Nanopore) and Sequencing Kit (Oxford Nanopore). The previously sequenced short reads were obtained using the MiSeq system and the Nextera XT library kit (Illumina), according to the manufacturer’s instructions [7]. Circular genome sequences were assembled using the Unicycler software [11].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative genome analysis of three Group A Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strains isolated in Japan

Ishihara

Ogura

Nguyen

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Introduction . Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) is a β-hemolytic streptococcus that causes severe invasive streptococcal infections, especially in the elderly and people with underlying diseases. SDSE strains are primarily characterized by Lancefield group G or C antigens. Hypothesis/Gap Statement. We have previously reported the prevalence of Lancefield group A SDSE (GA-SDSE) strains in Japan and have analysed the draft genome sequences of these strains. As GA-SDSE is a rare type of SDSE, only one complete genome has been sequenced to date. Aim. The present study is focused on genetic characteristics of GA-SDSE strains. In order to examine molecular characteristics, we also tested growth inhibition of other streptococci by GA-SDSE. Methodology. We determined the complete genome sequences of three GA-SDSE strains by two new generation sequencing systems (short-read and long-read sequencing data). Using the sequences, we also conducted a comparative analysis of GA-SDSE and group C/G SDSE strains. In addition, we tested multiplex and quantitative PCRs targeting the GA-SDSE, group G SDSE, and S. pyogenes . Results. We found a group-specific conserved region in GA-SDSE strains that is composed of genes encoding predicted anti-bacteriocin and streptococcal lantibiotic (Sal) proteins. Multiplex and quantitative PCRs targeting the GA-SDSE-specific region were able to distinguish between GA-SDSE, other SDSE, and S. pyogenes strains. The growth of GA-SDSE was suppressed in the presence of group G SDSE, indicating a possible explanation for the low frequency of isolation of GA-SDSE. Conclusion. The comparative genome analysis shows that the genome of GA-SDSE has a distinct arrangement, enabling the differentiation between S. pyogenes , GA-SDSE, and other SDSE strains using our PCR methods.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative genome analysis of three Group A Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strains isolated in Japan

Ishihara

Ogura

Nguyen

et al. 2021

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…The SDSE strains can be classified as Lancefield group C or G [120]. However, SDSE typed as Lancefield group L or A have also been isolated [4,[121][122][123]. According to Wajima et al [124], those typed as Lancefield group A have recombined after gene transfer from S. pyogenes.…”

Section: Streptococcus Dysgalactiaementioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and drug resistance of animal streptococci responsible for human infections

Glajzner

Szewczyk

Szemraj

2021

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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Bacteria of the genus Streptococcus , earlier considered typically animal, currently have also been causing infections in humans. It is necessary to make clinicians aware of the emergence of new species that may cause the development of human diseases. There is an increasing frequency of isolation of streptococci such as S. suis , S. dysgalactiae , S. iniae and S. equi from people. Isolation of Streptococcus bovis/Streptococcus equinus complex bacteria has also been reported. The streptococcal species described in this review are gaining new properties and virulence factors by which they can thrive in new environments. It shows the potential of these bacteria to changes in the genome and the settlement of new hosts. Information is presented on clinical cases that concern streptococcus species belonging to the groups Bovis, Pyogenic and Suis. We also present the antibiotic resistance profiles of these bacteria. The emerging resistance to β-lactams has been reported. In this review, the classification, clinical characteristics and antibiotic resistance of groups and species of streptococci considered as animal pathogens are summarized.

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“…equisimilis (SDSE) are β-hemolytic streptococci. Takahashi et al (2011) reported that SDSE had Lancefield group G or C antigens on their cell surface, whereas our group recently reported on the prevalence of Lancefield group A SDSE in Japan (Ishihara et al, 2020). SDSE colonizes the pharynx, gastrointestinal tract, female genital tract, and skin as a commensal microorganism (Yung et al, 2019) and is involved in a wide variety of infectious diseases from relatively minor wound infections, erysipelas, and cellulitis to life-threatening necrotizing fasciitis and streptococcal toxic shock syndrome (STSS; Brandt and Spellerberg, 2009;Rantala, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Hyaluronate Lyase Involved in Pathogenicity of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis

et al. 2020

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Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis (SDSE) causes cellulitis, bacteremia, and invasive diseases, such as streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Although SDSE infection is more prevalent among elderly individuals and those with diabetes mellitus than infections with Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A streptococci; GAS) and Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococci; GBS), the mechanisms underlying the pathogenicity of SDSE remain unknown. SDSE possesses a gene hylD encoding a hyaluronate lyase (HylD), whose homologue (HylB) is involved in pathogenicity of GBS, while the role of HylD has not been characterized. In this study, we focused on the enzyme HylD produced by SDSE; HylD cleaves hyaluronate (HA) and generates unsaturated disaccharides via a β-elimination reaction. Hyaluronate-agar plate assays revealed that SDSE promoted dramatic HA degradation. SDSE expresses both HylD and an unsaturated glucuronyl hydrolase (UGL) that catalyzes the degradation of HA-derived oligosaccharides; as such, SDSE was more effective at HA degradation than other β-hemolytic streptococci, including GAS and GBS. Although HylD shows some homology to HylB, a similar enzyme produced by GBS, HylD exhibited significantly higher enzymatic activity than HylB at pH 6.0, conditions that are detected in the skin of both elderly individuals and those with diabetes mellitus. We also detected upregulation of transcripts from hylD and ugl genes from SDSE wild-type collected from the mouse peritoneal cavity; upregulated expression of ugl was not observed in ΔhylD SDSE mutants. These results suggested that disaccharides produced by the actions of HylD are capable of triggering downstream pathways that catalyze their destruction. Furthermore, we determined that infection with SDSEΔhylD was significantly less lethal than infection with the parent strain. When mouse skin wounds were infected for 2 days, intensive infiltration of neutrophils was observed around the wound areas Nguyen et al.

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Prevalence and genomic characterization of Group A Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis isolated from patients with invasive infections in Toyama prefecture, Japan

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Comparative genome analysis of three Group A Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strains isolated in Japan

Comparative genome analysis of three Group A Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis strains isolated in Japan

Pathogenicity and drug resistance of animal streptococci responsible for human infections

Novel Hyaluronate Lyase Involved in Pathogenicity of Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis

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