Prevalence and genotype distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in India

Sunagar, Raju; Hegde, Nagendra R.; Archana, G; Sinha, Akhauri Yash; Nagamani, K.; Isloor, Shrikrishna

doi:10.1016/j.jgar.2016.07.008

Cited by 40 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Four studies have reported the prevalence of PVL with clonal lineage from India. This includes two from carriers and two from clinical isolates [23] . Dhawan et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) toxin–encoding phages from South India

Yamuna

Francis

Doss

et al. 2017

New Microbes and New Infections

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A total of 19 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates were investigated for Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) toxin, PVL gene sequence variation and PVL-encoding phages. Whole genome sequencing was performed for all isolates. Analysis of MRSA isolates (n = 19) confirmed that most MRSA (n = 11) were positive for the PVL gene and were multidrug resistant. ST772-MRSA-V was the predominant PVL-positive MRSA clone, although all of them were found to carry the ΦIND772PVL phage in the genome. This study provides insights into the evolution of a new lineage of PVL-MRSA and highlights the potential risk of the emergence of multidrug-resistant community-acquired MRSA with high virulence.

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“…Four studies have reported the prevalence of PVL with clonal lineage from India. This includes two from carriers and two from clinical isolates [23] . Dhawan et al .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular characterization of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) toxin–encoding phages from South India

Yamuna

Francis

Doss

et al. 2017

New Microbes and New Infections

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“…Traditionally, it was thought that CA-MRSA causes skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs), and HA-MRSA causes infections upon prolonged hospitalisation, in patients with indwelling devices or in patients undergoing dialysis or receiving immunosuppressive therapy. However, it is increasingly being observed worldwide, including in India, that CA-MRSA is gradually resembling HA-MRSA in being more invasive and transmissible than before [14]. In India, high rates of MRSA have been reported in clinical isolates from various studies, with rates as high as 54.8% (ranging between 32% and 80% among the S. aureus pool) [4].…”

Section: Common Gpis In India and Available Treatment Optionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current Perspectives on Treatment of Gram-Positive Infections in India: What Is the Way Forward?

Kulkarni

Nagvekar

Veeraraghavan

et al. 2019

Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases

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The emerging antimicrobial resistance leading to gram-positive infections (GPIs) is one of the major public health threats worldwide. GPIs caused by multidrug resistant bacteria can result in increased morbidity and mortality rates along with escalated treatment cost and hospitalisation stay. In India, GPIs, particularly methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) prevalence among invasive S. aureus isolates, have been reported to increase exponentially from 29% in 2009 to 47% in 2014. Apart from MRSA, rising prevalence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), which ranges from 1 to 9% in India, has raised concerns. Moreover, the overall mortality rate among patients with multidrug resistant GPIs in India is reported to be 10.8% and in ICU settings, the mortality rate is as high as 16%. Another challenge is the spectrum of adverse effects related to the safety and tolerability profile of the currently available drugs used against GPIs which further makes the management and treatment of these multidrug resistant organisms a complex task. Judicious prescription of antimicrobial agents, implementation of antibiotic stewardship programmes, and antibiotic policies in hospitals are essential to reduce the problem of drug-resistant infections in India. The most important step is development of newer antimicrobial agents with novel mechanisms of action and favourable pharmacokinetic profile. This review provides a synopsis about the current burden, treatment options, and the challenges faced by the clinicians in the management of GPIs such as MRSA, Quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus, VRE, and drug-resistant pneumococcus in India.

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“…Contamination from the environment might have originated from harvest area or resulted from improper handling by fish handlers or processors or consumers prior to consumption. There was a steady increase in prevalence of MRSA in the health care sector in India from 1988 (6.9%) to 2016 (27% to 47%) (Pal & Ayyagiri, ; Pulimood et al., ; Sajna, Kuruvilla, Shenoy, & Bhat, ; Sunagar et al., ). Worldwide, limited reports are available on MRSA from foods, namely retail pork, beef, bovine milk, and cheese (De Boer et al., ; Hanson et al., ; Jackson, Davis, & Barrett, ; Nnachi et al., ; Normanno et al., ; O'Brien et al., ; Pereira et al., ; Pu, Han, & Ge, ; Weese, ).…”

Section: Mrsa In Fish and Fishery Environmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin‐ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin Seafood: Prevalence, Laboratory Detection, Clonal Nature, and Control in Seafood Chain

Vaiyapuri

Joseph²,

Badireddy³

et al. 2019

Journal of Food Science

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), a versatile pathogen bearing multiple virulence determinants, is increasingly being detected in various food-producing animals, including fish. In addition, it is a potential food poisoning agent. MRSA is not an inherent microbiota of fish; its presence is attributed to pre-or postharvest contamination through fish handlers, water, ice, and processing equipment. Several reviews have been written on MRSA in clinical as well as the food animal-producing sector, but information specific to MRSA in seafood is scant. This review puts forth insights on MRSA detection in seafood, antibiotic resistance, diversity of clones in seafood, and possible control measures in seafood production chain. Emphasis has been given on assessing the variations in the protocols employed for isolation and identification in different food matrices and lay the foundation for researchers to develop optimized procedure.

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Prevalence and genotype distribution of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in India

Cited by 40 publications

References 70 publications

Molecular characterization of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) toxin–encoding phages from South India

Molecular characterization of Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) toxin–encoding phages from South India

Current Perspectives on Treatment of Gram-Positive Infections in India: What Is the Way Forward?

Methicillin‐ResistantStaphylococcus aureusin Seafood: Prevalence, Laboratory Detection, Clonal Nature, and Control in Seafood Chain

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