Prevalence and genotype of Mycoplasma bovis in beef cattle after arrival at a feedlot

Castillo-Alcala, Fernanda; Bateman, Kenneth G.; Cai, Hugh Y.; Schott, Courtney R.; Parker, Lois; Clark, Mary E.; McRaild, Patricia; McDowall, Rebecca M.; Foster, Robert A.; Archambault, Marie; Caswell, Jeff

doi:10.2460/ajvr.73.12.1932

Cited by 39 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…haemolytica can be cultured from samples of tracheal air of recently weaned and transported cattle, at levels ranging from 67 to 441 colony-forming units/m 3 , 74 and M. haemolytica is isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of healthy calves within 2 weeks of arrival to the feedlot but is rare at later times. 25 Paired M. haemolytica isolates from nasal swabs and transtracheal aspirates had the same genotype in 77% of cases (based on pulsed field gel electrophoresis), with significant agreement between the presence and absence of M. haemolytica in these 2 sites. 200 Thus, the presence of M. haemolytica in the nasal cavity likely influences the likelihood of bacteria reaching the lung, although the number of M. haemolytica in the nasal cavity and trachea is not well correlated.…”

Section: Effects Of Predisposing Factors On Bacterial Colonization Ofmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…[123][124][125]198 In contrast, generally low titers to Mycoplasma bovis prior to mixing of calf groups suggests that prior exposure is infrequent, and titers have not been correlated with later frequency of disease. 8,25 Maternal antibody is considered important in defense against BRD in the first 3 months of life. Failure to acquire colostral immunoglobulin is associated with an increased prevalence of respiratory disease in this age group and may result from inadequate levels of protective antibodies in colostrum, poor quality or inadequate storage of colostrum, or failure of the neonatal calf to ingest colostrum.…”

Section: Effects Of Predisposing Factors On Antibody Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Failure of Respiratory Defenses in the Pathogenesis of Bacterial Pneumonia of Cattle

Caswell

2013

Vet Pathol

108

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The respiratory system is well defended against inhaled bacteria by a dynamic system of interacting layers, including mucociliary clearance, host defense factors including antimicrobial peptides in the epithelial lining fluid, proinflammatory responses of the respiratory epithelium, resident alveolar macrophages, and recruited neutrophils and monocytes. Nevertheless, these manifold defenses are susceptible to failure as a result of stress, glucocorticoids, viral infections, abrupt exposure to cold air, and poor air quality. When some of these defenses fail, the lung can be colonized by bacterial pathogens that are equipped to evade the remaining defenses, resulting in the development of pneumonia. This review considers the mechanisms by which these predisposing factors compromise the defenses of the lung, with a focus on the development of bacterial pneumonia in cattle and supplemented with advances based on mouse models and the study of human disease. Deepening our understanding of how the respiratory defenses fail is expected to lead to interventions that restore these dynamic immune responses and prevent disease.

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Section: Effects Of Predisposing Factors On Bacterial Colonization Ofmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Effects Of Predisposing Factors On Antibody Defensesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failure of Respiratory Defenses in the Pathogenesis of Bacterial Pneumonia of Cattle

Caswell

2013

Vet Pathol

108

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“…For instance, Multiple Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) has proved suitable for the comparison of isolates collected at an international scale or at a country level because it focuses on sequence analysis of housekeeping genes known to be poorly variable (Bell-Rogers et al, 2012;Manso-Silvan et al, 2012;Register et al, 2014;Rosales et al, 2014;Sulyok et al, 2014). At a breeding area or herd scale, more discriminatory methods have been proposed such as AFLP (Castillo-Alcala et al, 2012;Hendrick et al, 2013;McAuliffe et al, 2004;Soehnlen et al, 2011) or PFGE (Arcangioli et al, 2012;Churchward et al, 2008;Kusiluka et al, 2000;McAuliffe et al, 2004;Pinho et al, 2012;Tola et al, 1999). However these restriction-based methods have to be interpreted with care since they can discriminate single-mutation variants within a clonal population and highlight DNA rearrangements in variable loci (such as the vsp loci) rather than ''true'' genomic differences (Castillo-Alcala et al, 2012;Citti et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Loss of diversity within Mycoplasma bovis isolates collected in France from bovines with respiratory diseases over the last 35 years

Becker

Thibault

Arcangioli

et al. 2015

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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“…Natural LRT infections involving M. bovis frequently produce lung lesions characterised by caseonecrotic bronchopneumonia while experimental infections often produce milder lesions (Castillo-Alcala et al, 2012, Caswell andArchambault, 2007). Lung lesions typically have a cranioventral distribution which differs from other forms of bronchopneumonia by the presence of unique multiple coalescing round friable foci of caseous necrosis within the consolidated areas .…”

Section: Mycoplasma Bovis Associated Pneumoniamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the Se of culture is somewhat dependent on the laboratory and the submitted sample (Sachse et al, 1993). Castillo-Alcala et al (2012) found that the culture of fluid samples is more likely to be positive if sediments rather than supernatants are used. The number of viable organisms present in the submitted sample can also affect the culture Se.…”

Section: Bovis Infection (Van Der Merwementioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma bovis in Australian feeder cattle

Schibrowski¹

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Mycoplasma bovis can be a commensal bacterial inhabitant of the upper respiratory tract of healthy bovines. However, under certain circumstances and conditions that are incompletely understood, M. bovis can be associated with a number of clinical syndromes, one of which is bovine respiratory disease (BRD). In Australia, there is little information on the prevalence and epidemiology M. bovis in beef production systems. The overall aim of this thesis was to help close this knowledge gap.Commercially available serological diagnostic methods for the detection of M. bovis-specific antibody have not been validated in the Australian cattle population. Arguably, more importantly, however is the fact that diagnostic sensitivity (Se) and specificity (Sp) and / or analytical sensitivity (ASe) and specificity (ASp) estimates for commercially available M. bovis sero-diagnostic tests are not available. 28% (95% CI: 1% -92%). However, in terms of Sp the commercial ELISAs out performed western blotting; BioK302: 96% (95% CI: 87% -99%); BioK260:100% (95% CI: 93% -100%) and western blotting: 88% (95% CI: 56% -98%) respectively. In terms of both Se and Sp combined, none of the methods assessed here performed well. As such, when interpreting the results obtained from these ELISAs, the potential impact imperfect Se and / or Sp can have needs to be considered.Despite the poor performance of the BioK302 and BioK260 ELISAs particularly in terms of Se, these tests were used to determine the sero-prevalence of M. bovis antibody in Australian feeder cattle at feedlot induction and draft (approximately 42 days on feed). Paired bovine sera from 1,354 randomly selected animals were sourced from a bovine serum bank (n = 35,160) collected as part of another study, The National Bovine Respiratory Disease Initiative. As the classification of the result of a single serum sample could differ between the BioK302 and BioK260, sero-prevalence estimates were obtained using the individual ELISA results in addition to series and parallel interpretation of the two ELISA kit results. The apparent sero-prevalence of M. bovis-specific antibody at feedlot induction estimates ranged from 2.4% -6.8% (95% CI: 1.3% -8.6%) and the apparent sero-prevalence estimates at draft ranged from 22.4% -44.2% (95% CI: 19.1% -48.6%). The level of sero-conversion to M. bovis between induction and draft was also determined. Only animals that were classified as sero-negative at induction were included in sero-conversion analyses. In the current study, 24.3% (95% iii CI: 20.8% -27.7%) and 19.5% (95% CI: 17.3% -21.7%) of animals sero-converted to M. bovis between induction and draft based on the BioK302 and dichotomised BioK260 ELISA results respectively.Using these ELISA results, an assessment of putative risk factors associated with sero-positivity at feedlot induction or sero-conversion between induction and draft was performed. An increased risk of sero-positivity at feedlot induction was found to be associated with; (i) history of exposure to a saleyard at least 27 d...

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Prevalence and genotype of Mycoplasma bovis in beef cattle after arrival at a feedlot

Cited by 39 publications

References 27 publications

Failure of Respiratory Defenses in the Pathogenesis of Bacterial Pneumonia of Cattle

Failure of Respiratory Defenses in the Pathogenesis of Bacterial Pneumonia of Cattle

Loss of diversity within Mycoplasma bovis isolates collected in France from bovines with respiratory diseases over the last 35 years

Mycoplasma bovis in Australian feeder cattle

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