Prevalence and heritability of obsessive‐compulsive spectrum and anxiety disorder symptoms: A survey of the Australian Twin Registry

López-Solà, Clara; Fontenelle, Leonardo F.; Alonso, Pino; Cuadras, Daniel; Foley, Debra L.; Pantelis, Christos; Pujol, Jesús; Yücel, Murat; Cardoner, Narcı́s; Soriano‐Mas, Carles; Menchón, José M.; Harrison, Ben J

doi:10.1002/ajmg.b.32233

Cited by 39 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…Five validated self‐report measures were also used to assess other OCRD and AD symptoms (also detailed in López‐Solà et al …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, the OCRD group was not fully assessed due to low response rates for the skin‐picking and hair‐pulling self‐report questionnaires. These questionnaires were only completed if participants first endorsed some screening questions . Nevertheless, the inclusion of BDD and HD was illuminating, particularly the observed associations between OC symptom dimensions and BDD symptoms.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distinct Etiological Influences on Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions: A Multivariate Twin Study

et al. 2015

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Background Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by five major dimensions, including contamination/washing, harm/checking, symmetry/ordering, hoarding, and forbidden thoughts. How these dimensions may relate etiologically to the symptoms of other obsessive-compulsive related disorders (OCRDs) and anxiety disorders (ADs) is not well known. The aim of this study was to examine the genetic and environmental overlap between each major obsessive-compulsive dimension with the symptoms of other OCRDs and ADs. Methods Two thousand four hundred ninety-five twins of both sexes, aged between 18 and 45 years, were recruited from the Australian Twin Registry. Measures used scores on four dimensions (obsessing (forbidden thoughts), washing, checking, and ordering) of the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, Dysmorphic Concerns Questionnaire, Hoarding Rating Scale, Anxiety Sensitivity Index, Social Phobia Inventory, and Stress subscale of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale. Multivariate twin modeling methods using continuous and categorized variables were performed, also controlling for age and gender. Results Our findings suggested that forbidden thoughts and washing demonstrated the strongest genetic overlap with other AD symptoms, while ordering was genetically related to OCRD symptoms. Common genetic influences on checking symptoms were best estimated when modeling OCRDs together with AD symptoms. Common environmental factors of ordering and checking were shared with AD symptoms. Conclusions Important shared genetic and environmental risk factors exist between OCD, OCRDs, and ADs, but which vary alongside the expression of its major dimensions.

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“…Five validated self‐report measures were also used to assess other OCRD and AD symptoms (also detailed in López‐Solà et al …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct Etiological Influences on Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions: A Multivariate Twin Study

et al. 2015

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“…Expert consensus reports population prevalence of HD between 2% and 6% (4, 11–13). The wide range of published prevalence estimates (1.5–14%) (5, 14–22) and the typically lower reported prevalence in studies of children and adolescents (18, 23) underscore the need for additional work on the course of HD with aging. Previous retrospective studies suggest that hoarding symptoms begin during childhood and adolescence (10, 24), and increase in severity throughout life.…”

Section: Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Specific Prevalence of Hoarding and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Population-Based Study

Cath

Nizar

Boomsma

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry

110

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Objectives Little is known about the age-specific prevalence of hoarding and obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms, particularly in older age groups. The objectives of this study were to estimate the age-specific prevalence, severity and relationships between hoarding and OC symptoms in males and females using a large population-based sample. Methods We assessed the age-specific prevalence rates of hoarding disorder (HD) and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) in males and females (at various age ranges between 15–97 years) from the Netherlands Twins Register; n=15,194. Provisional HD and OCD diagnoses were made according to DSM-5 criteria utilizing self-report measures. We also assessed hoarding and OC symptom severity in the various age groups, and explored specific hoarding and OC symptom patterns (e.g., difficulty discarding, excessive acquisition, clutter, checking, washing, perfectionism and obsessions) with age. Results Prevalence of provisional HD diagnoses (2.12%) increased linearly by 20% with every 5 years of age (z = 13.8, p < 0.0001) and did not differ between males and females. Provisional OCD diagnoses were most common in younger individuals and in individuals over age 65. Co-occurring OCD increased hoarding symptom severity (coefficient = 4.5, SE = 0.2, 95% CI = 4.1 to 4.9, t=22.0, p<0.0001). Difficulty discarding for HD and checking behaviors for OCD appeared to drive most of the increase in these diagnoses in older ages. Conclusions Increased prevalence and severity of HD with age appears to be primarily driven by difficulties with discarding. Increases in OCD prevalence with older age were unexpected, and of potential clinical relevance.

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“…Our prevalence rate for Social Anxiety was higher than previously reported in Australia [121,124], New Zealand [120] and the US [125], but similar to the prevalence estimated on Australian twins [126]. Age of onset for social anxiety in the 19Up was similar to previous reports [120,122,123].…”

Section: 015▲supporting

confidence: 89%

“…were all more prevalent in women [116,120,126,136,137] while substance use disorders (and abuse or dependence) were more common in men [95,120,130].…”

Section: 015▲mentioning

confidence: 99%

Breaking down the genetics of depression using brain endophenotypes

Couvy‐Duchesne¹

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The Queensland Brain Institute 2 Thesis AbstractThe objective of the work presented in this thesis was to extend our understanding of depression aetiology and to identify brain MRI endophenotypes of depression. Our work builds on previous research that highlighted the genetic relationships between stress, sex and depression. In addition, MRI measurements are heritable and do not relying on selfreport. As such, they represent promising endophenotypes that could help break down further the genetics of depression.Preliminary work involved reporting depression prevalence in a young adult Australian twin sample (N=2,773) as well as comorbidity with affective and substance use disorders (Chapter 1). In addition, we demonstrated the good psychometric properties of the SPHERE questionnaire, which provides self-reported measures of anxiety-depression and chronic fatigue. Properties of the scores include: i) stochastic ordering on the sum score, ii) limited sex and age bias through adolescence, iii) high internal consistency, iv) good 3 months test-retest, v) moderate heritability, vi) significant association with lifetime MDD, social anxiety and alcohol dependence diagnoses (Chapter 2).In an older sample of Australian twins (N=5,221, Chapter 3), we performed a direct test of the diathesis-stress hypothesis in depression, which states that stressors can mediate the effect of genetic predisposition (diathesis) on the disease risk. We used Polygenic Risk Scores as a measure of diathesis and report a significant interaction with personal stressful life events, supporting the idea that stress and predisposition have a multiplicative effect on the depression liability scale. This interaction may be different between sexes as suggested by the stratified analysis.We then performed 3 analyses of resting-state fMRI from which we showed that: 1) Head motion (HM) is reliable and heritable in addition to being a major confound in fMRI analyses. However, this is unlikely to greatly confound twin studies of resting-state functional connectivity (FC). As a by-product of the analysis we showed that FC in the Broca's areas networks exhibited low to moderate test-retest and heritability (Chapter 4).2) HM is phenotypically and genetically associated with ADHD scores of Inattention and Hyperactivity/Impulsivity. This leads to most head motion image processing options to reduce power and/or to induce a sampling bias in RS-fMRI studies of ADHD. We discussed ways of circumventing this problem, via volume pruning or multivariate analysis (Chapter 5). 33) Nuisance regression (global signal regression, CompCor and HM regression) options in RS-fMRI processing have a moderate impact on the test-retest of regional homogeneity. Independently of the processing options, the low to moderate intra-class coefficients estimated in our sample may be due to insufficient scanning time (5mins 20s) and would impair our statistical power to detect RS-fMRI endophenotypes of depression (Chapter 6).Rather, we focused on structural brain images and contributed sample...

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Prevalence and heritability of obsessive‐compulsive spectrum and anxiety disorder symptoms: A survey of the Australian Twin Registry

Cited by 39 publications

References 77 publications

Distinct Etiological Influences on Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions: A Multivariate Twin Study

Distinct Etiological Influences on Obsessive-Compulsive Symptom Dimensions: A Multivariate Twin Study

Age-Specific Prevalence of Hoarding and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Population-Based Study

Breaking down the genetics of depression using brain endophenotypes

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