Prevalence and incidence of dental caries associated with the effect of tooth brushing and fluoride varnishing in scholars at Galapagos Islands, Ecuador: Protocol of the EESO-Gal study

Viteri-García, Andrés; Parise-Vasco, Juan Marcos; Cabrera-Dávila, María José; Zambrano-Bonilla, María Christel; Ordonez-Romero, Ingrid; Maridueña-León, María Gabriela; Caiza-Rennella, Andrea; Zambrano-Mendoza, Andrea Gissela; Ponce-Faula, Celia; Pérez-Granja, Martha; Vega, Ana del Carmen Armas

doi:10.5867/medwave.2020.06.7974

Cited by 10 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…This study, whose objective was to investigate the prevalence of DF and its severity, is the first carried out in the southern region of the country, in provinces with different climatic and altitude characteristics such as Azuay, Cañar and Morona Santiago, which are apparently non-fluoridated areas, so the data obtained can serve as a starting point for future research. The results show a high prevalence of DF in the three provinces evaluated, with no significant differences between them ( p > 0.05), coinciding with previous studies carried out in some Latin American cities [ 31 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ] and in Ecuador [ 30 , 40 , 41 , 42 ] ( Figure 2 ). The fluoride incorporated into the organism from water sources, processed or not processed food, or by accidental ingestion, through the consumption of toothpaste, constitutes the main source for pathologies at the dental enamel level [ 43 ], with an effect variable according to the period of contact of the mineral with the tooth in its formation stage [ 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…When urban and rural areas were considered, only in the province of Azuay was there a difference in the degree of DF, where the moderate degree was significantly higher in the urban area than in the rural area, a result that agrees with a previous study [ 49 ]. This can be explained by the different life conditions of the local residents from both areas, where inhabitants living in urban areas are privileged according to their socioeconomic level, with proper access to health services and thus a larger contact to extra sources of fluoride compared to rural residents [ 41 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Distribution of Dental Fluorosis in the Southern Zone of Ecuador: An Epidemiological Study

et al. 2023

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In recent decades, the increase in fluoride exposure has raised the numbers of dental fluorosis in fluoridated and non-fluoridated communities In Ecuador, but the last national epidemiological study on DF was conducted more than a decade ago. The objective of this cross-sectional descriptive study was to determine the prevalence, distribution and severity of dental fluorosis (DF) using the Dean index in 1606 schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years from urban and rural environments in provinces that make up the Southern Region of Ecuador. Participants met the inclusion criteria which were age, locality, informed consent document and no legal impediment. The results are presented using percentage frequency measures and chi-square associations. The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 50.1% in the areas of Azuay, Cañar and Morona Santiago, with no significant differences (x2 = 5.83, p = 0.054). The types of DF found most frequently were very mild and mild in all provinces; a moderate degree was more prevalent in Cañar (17%). There was no significant association (p > 0.05) between sex and the presence of dental fluorosis and, with respect to severity, the most frequent degree was moderate at the age of 12 years. The prevalence of dental fluorosis in the area evaluated is high, especially in the light and very light degrees, with a tendency toward moderate levels. It is necessary to carry out studies on the factors that are predisposing to the development of this pathology in the population studied. This research is an update regarding this pathology in Ecuador, so it is concluded that it is necessary to continue developing studies based on the findings obtained, thus contributing to the public health of the country.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Dental Fluorosis in the Southern Zone of Ecuador: An Epidemiological Study

et al. 2023

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“…The absence of epidemiological studies on the national characteristics that have included the ICDAS within the analysis of the presence of caries makes it difficult to control and monitor the results. Previous Ecuadorian studies have been carried out [ 37 ], and the results show the need to incorporate this instrument of analysis to train future dentists and project the findings to the strategies to be implemented.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Caries According to the ICDAS II in Children from 6 and 12 Years of Age from Southern Ecuadorian Regions

Vélez-León

Albaladejo

Cuenca-León

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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In Ecuador, national data on dental caries are scarce and the detection of incipient enamel lesions has been omitted. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of caries in school children aged 6 and 12 years of both sexes, belonging to urban and rural areas of three provinces of the country, using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II). The sample consisted of 665 children from public schools, examined according to ICDASII. Caries prevalence and caries index were established using ICDAS II 2-6/C-G and ICDAS II 4-6/E-G criteria for comparison with WHO indicators. The Mann–Whitney U statistical test was used for comparison of two groups, the effect size was measured with the correlation coefficient. and the Kruskal–Wallis H test (p < 0.05) for multiple comparisons. Caries prevalence exceeded 87% for primary and permanent dentition. There were no significant differences according to province (p ≤ 0.05). The caries index at 6 years was 6.57 and at 12 years 9.21. The SIC was high at 12 years in rural areas. The prevalence of caries in the population studied was high despite the preventive measures established by health agencies.

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“…To address this knowledge gap, the Galapagos Oral Health Study (ESSO-Gal) was initiated on the islands of San Cristobal, Santa Cruz, and Isabela [ 18 ]. The objective of this article is to report the prevalence of dental caries in schoolchildren aged 2- to 11-year-old and evaluate the association between different carious lesions, dental biofilm, age, and island of origin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Dental Caries in Schoolchildren from the Galapagos Islands: ESSO-Gal Cohort Report

Armas-Vega,

Parise-Vasco,

Díaz-Segovia

et al. 2023

International Journal of Dentistry

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Objective. Dental caries remains a prevalent disease worldwide. Several epidemiological studies have shown that it affects the oral health of the pediatric population, and the Galapagos population in Ecuador is no exception. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of dental caries and its association, based on baseline information from the Galapagos Oral Health Study (ESSO-Gal), in children of the Galapagos Islands, Ecuador. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 804 children aged 2–11 years. The prevalence of dental caries was assessed using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) criteria, while the presence of dental biofilm was assessed using the Silness–Löe index. Descriptive statistics, including frequency analysis and measures of central tendency and dispersion, were performed. Inferential statistical analyses were conducted to identify associations between variables. Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS version 25.0 statistical program. Results. The caries prevalence rates based on ICDAS II codes 1–6, 1–2, and 3–6 were 98.01%, 96.9%, and 85%, respectively. A statistically significant difference was observed among the different islands regarding the cutoff point for ICDAS II codes 3–6 ( p ≤ 0.001 ). Participants aged 6–11 years had the highest caries prevalence. Conclusions. The results show a high prevalence of dental caries among children in the Galapagos Islands, which increases with age. Contrary to expectations, the study did not find a significant correlation between the severity of dental caries and the presence of dental biofilm.

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Prevalence and incidence of dental caries associated with the effect of tooth brushing and fluoride varnishing in scholars at Galapagos Islands, Ecuador: Protocol of the EESO-Gal study

Cited by 10 publications

References 28 publications

Distribution of Dental Fluorosis in the Southern Zone of Ecuador: An Epidemiological Study

Distribution of Dental Fluorosis in the Southern Zone of Ecuador: An Epidemiological Study

Prevalence of Caries According to the ICDAS II in Children from 6 and 12 Years of Age from Southern Ecuadorian Regions

Prevalence of Dental Caries in Schoolchildren from the Galapagos Islands: ESSO-Gal Cohort Report

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