Prevalence and incidence of dry eye in the USA: a systematic review protocol

McCann, Paul; Abraham, Alison G.; Gregory, Darren G.; Hauswirth, Scott G; Ifantides, Cristos; Liu, Su-Hsun; Saldanha, Ian J.; Li, Tianjing

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056203

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…We registered the review prospectively on PROSPERO (CRD42021256934) and reported it in accordance with the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines . We followed the methods established in the published protocol …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We were unable to cross-walk prevalence from studies with diverse definitions because we did not find a methodologically robust study with a satisfactory reference standard to demonstrate the bias associated with each definition . We could not perform meta-regression on geo-environmental variables (eg, latitude, humidity) because of the lack of reported data …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14,31 We could not perform meta-regression on geo-environmental variables (eg, latitude, humidity) because of the lack of reported data. 14,31…”

Section: Deviations From Protocolmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Incidence of Dry Eye and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in the United States

et al. 2022

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ImportanceDry eye is a common clinical manifestation, a leading cause of eye clinic visits, and a significant societal and personal economic burden in the United States. Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a major cause of evaporative dry eye.ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to obtain updated estimates of the prevalence and incidence of dry eye and MGD in the United States.Data SourcesOvid MEDLINE and Embase.Study SelectionA search conducted on August 16, 2021, identified studies published between January 1, 2010, and August 16, 2021, with no restrictions regarding participant age or language of publication. Case reports, case series, case-control studies, and interventional studies were excluded.Data Extraction and SynthesisThe conduct of review followed a protocol registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021256934). PRISMA guidelines were followed for reporting. Joanna Briggs Institute and Newcastle Ottawa Scale tools were used to assess risk of bias. Data extraction was conducted by 1 reviewer and verified by another for accuracy. Prevalence of dry eye and MGD were combined in separate meta-analyses using random-effects models.Main Outcomes and MeasuresPrevalence and incidence of dry eye and MGD in the United States. Summary estimates from meta-analysis of dry eye and MGD prevalence with 95% CI and 95% prediction intervals (95% PI).ResultsThirteen studies were included in the systematic review. Dry eye prevalence was reported by 10 studies, dry eye incidence by 2 studies, and MGD prevalence by 3 studies. Meta-analysis estimated a dry eye prevalence of 8.1% (95% CI, 4.9%-13.1%; 95% PI, 0%-98.9%; 3 studies; 9 808 758 participants) and MGD prevalence of 21.2% (95% CI, 7.2%-48.3%; 95% PI, 0%-100%; 3 studies; 19 648 participants). Dry eye incidence was 3.5% in a population 18 years and older and 7.8% in a population aged 68 years and older. No studies reported MGD incidence.Conclusions and RelevanceThis systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrated uncertainty about the prevalence and incidence of dry eye and MGD in the United States. Population-based epidemiological studies that use consistent and validated definitions of dry eye and MGD are needed for higher-certainty estimates of dry eye and MGD prevalence and incidence in the United States.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence and Incidence of Dry Eye and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in the United States

et al. 2022

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“…In a survey of Face Mask-Related Ocular Surface Modi cations, the Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) score was abnormal in more than half of the cases [14].…”

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The Face Mask-Associated Dry Eye Symptoms in Workers Who Collecting Novel Coronavirus Nucleic Acid Sample During the Covid-19 Outbreak

Zhang

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Objectives To evaluate the impact of face mask wearing on dry eye symptoms in health care professionals who collecting novel coronavirus nucleic acid sample during Omicron outbreak. Methods This cross-sectional online survey enrolled a total of 1135 health workers and social workers who were dispatched to the front line to participate in the fight against the epidemic. The ocular surface disease index (OSDI) questionnaire was also administered to quantify Mask-Associated Dry Eye (MADE) symptoms. The difference between wearing the face shield and safety-goggle was also investigated. Results In this study, the average score was 13.39 (3.39–23.39) and the prevalence of MADE symptoms including mild (23.62%), moderate (12.8%) and severe (4.09%) in Face Shield Group and mild (22.00%), moderate (11.67%) and severe (2.67%) in Safety-Goggles Group. The prevalence of MADE symptoms was higher in female (41.80%) and 50–65 age (64.65%). Conclusions A proportion of health and social workers suffer from dry eye symptoms related with wearing mask during the COVID-19 outbreak. MADE interventions should be implemented among health workers during the COVID-19 outbreak to reduce MADE symptoms effects and prevent long-term adverse outcomes.

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Low Expression of Vitamin D Receptor in Patients With Dry Eye Disease

Vieira,

Meza,

Garreton

et al. 2024

Cornea

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Purpose: This study aimed to compare the expression of vitamin D receptor (VDR) on the ocular surface of patients with dry eye disease (DED) and controls without ophthalmological pathologies. Methods: Patients with DED without previous treatment were studied and compared with healthy subjects. Ocular Surface Disease Index assessement and ocular surface cytology were performed in all patients. The immunohistochemical expression of VDR was evaluated using fully automated immunohistochemistry. The evaluation involved multiplying the percentage of nuclear-labeled cells (0–100) by their intensity (0–3), resulting in a score ranging from 0 to 300 (VDR H-score). Squamous metaplasia was morphologically evaluated using liquid-phase cytology with Papanicolaou/periodic acid–Schiff staining using Nelson's grade (scale 0–3, higher grade to higher metaplastic change). Results: Eighteen patients with DED without previous treatment and 10 healthy subjects were studied. Squamous metaplasia was observed in 74% of patients with DED, in contrast to 0% in the control group. In patients with DED, there was a lower expression of VDR than in the control group (VDR H-score: 11.2 ± 13.9 vs. 80.9 ± 56; P = 0.0001). Furthermore, an inverse correlation was observed between Nelson grade and VDR H-score (P = 0.0001, rs = −0.71). No correlation was observed between Ocular Surface Disease Index and VDR H-score. Conclusions: This is the first study to evaluate the VDR in patients with DED. These patients presented with a lower expression of VDR than healthy subjects. No correlation was found with more severe symptoms. Patients with DED also had a higher frequency of squamous metaplasia.

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Prevalence and incidence of dry eye in the USA: a systematic review protocol

Cited by 4 publications

References 37 publications

Prevalence and Incidence of Dry Eye and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in the United States

Prevalence and Incidence of Dry Eye and Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in the United States

The Face Mask-Associated Dry Eye Symptoms in Workers Who Collecting Novel Coronavirus Nucleic Acid Sample During the Covid-19 Outbreak

Low Expression of Vitamin D Receptor in Patients With Dry Eye Disease

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