Prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression among healthy mothers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Shorey, Shefaly; Chee, Cornelia; Ng, Esperanza Debby; Chan, Yiong Huak; Tam, Wilson Wai San; Chong, Yap Seng

doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.08.001

Cited by 693 publications

(517 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…According to review papers, the prevalence of maternal PPD varies from 1 to 50%. Prevalence variation exists owing to studies employing diverse measurement tools and surveying women at different times postpartum .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The American Psychiatric Association defines PPD as a depressive episode, lasting for at least 2 weeks, with moderate to severe symptoms that begin within 4 weeks after delivery . However, literature has indicated that depressive episodes after childbirth are more likely to occur even outside the first 4 weeks compared to non‐childbearing periods; specifically, such depressive episodes after childbirth can be frequently observed for 3–6 months postpartum . In addition, the risk of developing maternal PPD is not evenly distributed within the vulnerable period: the 1st month is associated with the highest risk (a prevalence of 11%), followed by months 1–3 postpartum (prevalence of 4%) …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Does maternal postpartum depression affect children's developmental outcomes?

Aoyagi

Tsuchiya

2019

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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Aim: The etiology of maternal postpartum depression (PPD) remains inconclusive, and there is no consensus concerning whether maternal PPD affects children's developmental outcomes. Consequently, in this literature review, we examined whether maternal PPD affects children's physical, neuromotor, language and general cognitive development. Methods: We conducted an electronic search using PubMed to select case-control and cohort studies that addressed maternal depression, depressive episodes or depressive symptoms among postpartum (within 6 months) women. We omitted studies that focused on a specific population (e.g. preterm infants). Results: The methodological problems of prior studies indicate that their findings must be interpreted with caution. Insufficient and or inconsistent evidence has supported associations between maternal PPD and children's developmental trajectories. Nevertheless, some key studies have revealed findings that require further analysis, including the associations between maternal PPD and children's stunted growth/being underweight in developed countries, the slight delay in children's fine motor development, and in children's language development. Conclusion:Although several studies have investigated the longstanding effects of maternal PPD on children's physical and neurodevelopment, no conclusive evidence has elucidated a relationship between maternal PPD and all four domains of child developmentphysical, neuromotor, language and general cognitive ability. Therefore, large-scale, longitudinal studies with a long-term follow-up periodextending to school age and beyondare needed. Moreover, confounding factors should be carefully considered. Specifically, household income, parental education, breastfeeding, bonding/attachment and paternal mental health may be associated with maternal mental health and children's neurodevelopment.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does maternal postpartum depression affect children's developmental outcomes?

Aoyagi

Tsuchiya

2019

J of Obstet and Gynaecol

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“…Furthermore, the postpartum period is a key inter-conception phase with implications for preconception health and care [51]. While the areas of breastfeeding, postnatal depression and sleep are well studied on their own [52][53][54], further investigation into how we can address and implement these and other modifiable factors to promote healthy lifestyles, and therefore optimise weight status, for women between and in future pregnancies is warranted. As with antenatal interventions, understanding the key effective components of interventions to reduce postpartum weight retention, alongside vital implementation research focused on overcoming barriers to postpartum self-care and healthy lifestyle, are vital [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Health in Preconception, Pregnancy and Postpartum Global Alliance: International Network Pregnancy Priorities for the Prevention of Maternal Obesity and Related Pregnancy and Long-Term Complications

Hill

Skouteris

Boyle

et al. 2020

JCM

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In this article, we describe the process of establishing agreed international pregnancy research priorities to address the global issues of unhealthy lifestyles and rising maternal obesity. We focus specifically on the prevention of maternal obesity to improve related clinical pregnancy and long-term complications. A team of multidisciplinary, international experts in preconception and pregnancy health, including consumers, were invited to form the Health in Preconception, Pregnancy and Postpartum (HiPPP) Global Alliance. As an initial activity, a priority setting process was completed to generate pregnancy research priorities in this field. Research, practice and policy

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“…• Postpartum FLX decreased plasma tryptophan, 4'-pyridoxic acid, and pyridoxal levels 21 22 1. INTRODUCTION 46 population (O'Hara and Swain, 1996; Shorey et al, 2018), and depression onset can occur de 48 novo during pregnancy or in the postpartum. Untreated PND can have severe and long-lasting 49 effects on the mother and her children (Beck, 1999;Grace et al, 2003;Weissman et al, 2006).…”

Section: Highlights 16mentioning

confidence: 99%

Postpartum fluoxetine increases maternal hippocampal IL-1β and decreased plasma tryptophan: clues for efficacy

Qiu

Duarte‐Guterman

Eid

et al. 2020

Preprint

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23Perinatal depression (PND) affects approximately 15% of women, and de novo postpartum 24 depression affects approximately 40% of PND cases. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors 25 (SSRIs) are a common class of antidepressants prescribed to treat PND. However, the safety and 26 efficacy of SSRIs have been questioned in both clinical and preclinical research. Here, using a 27 preclinical rodent model of postpartum depression, we aim to better understand 28 neuroinflammatory cytokines and tryptophan mechanisms that may be related to SSRIs efficacy. 29Rodent dams were treated with high corticosterone (CORT; 40mg/kg, s.c.) for 21 days in the 30 postpartum period to simulate depressive-like behaviors in the late postpartum period. 31Concurrently, a subset of dams was treated with the SSRI, fluoxetine (FLX; 10mg/kg, s.c.), in 32 the postpartum period. We showed, consistent with previous studies, that although maternal FLX 33 treatment prevented CORT-induced disturbances in maternal care behavior during the early 34 postpartum, it failed to prevent the expression of CORT-induced depressive-like behavior in the 35 late postpartum. Furthermore, FLX treatment, regardless of CORT treatment, increased maternal 36 hippocampal IL-1β and decreased maternal plasma tryptophan levels, plasma tryptophan, 4'-37 pyridoxic acid, and pyridoxal concentrations. Maternal CORT treatment reduced maternal 38 hippocampal TNF-α and IFN-γ levels. Our work suggests that the limited efficacy of FLX in the 39 late postpartum may be associated with elevated levels of the proinflammatory cytokine IL-1β in 40 the maternal hippocampus, decreased plasma tryptophan concentration, and changes in vitamin 41 B6 dependent tryptophan-kynurenine pathway. These findings suggest novel pathways for 42 improving SSRI efficacy in alleviating perinatal depression. 43 : postpartum, corticosterone, females, antidepressant efficacy, cytokines, 44 serotonin, frontal cortex, hippocampus 45 2009). In addition, pregnancy and the postpartum also induce changes in the immune system in 87 the hippocampus (Haim et al., 2017;Sherer et al., 2017) and in blood (Eid et al., 2019; reviewed 88 in Duarte-Guterman et al., 2019). Elevated levels of peripheral proinflammatory immune 89 markers, particularly the cytokines IL-1β, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and IL-6, are reported in 90 women endorsing PND (Groer and Morgan, 2007;Corwin et al., 2008) or associated with 91 KeywordsHere, we sought to characterize markers of inflammation in the maternal hippocampus 129 and frontal cortex, and plasma tryptophan metabolism markers in a CORT-induced model of 130 postpartum depression and SSRI treatment. We hypothesized that CORT treatment would induce 131 depressive-like endophenotypes, including disruptions in maternal care behavior and increased 132 passive-coping behavior. Furthermore, we expected that the SSRI, fluoxetine (FLX), will show 133 limited efficacy at reducing CORT-induce depressive-like endophenotypes. We also 134 hypothesized that FLX treatment would alter markers of neuro...

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Prevalence and incidence of postpartum depression among healthy mothers: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 693 publications

References 97 publications

Does maternal postpartum depression affect children's developmental outcomes?

Does maternal postpartum depression affect children's developmental outcomes?

Health in Preconception, Pregnancy and Postpartum Global Alliance: International Network Pregnancy Priorities for the Prevention of Maternal Obesity and Related Pregnancy and Long-Term Complications

Postpartum fluoxetine increases maternal hippocampal IL-1β and decreased plasma tryptophan: clues for efficacy

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