Prevalence and influencing factors of the high nil-control spot count in T-SPOT.TB: A matched case-control study

Sun, Xiaochuan; Wan, Shijun; Zhang, Lifan; Zhang, Yueqiu; Liu, Xiaoqing

doi:10.1016/j.cca.2018.09.012

Cited by 3 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The only factor found to influence high nil-control was HTLV-1 positivity (p＜0.01). Previously reported factors influencing high nil-control included male gender, Behçet's syndrome, use of corticosteroids, hypoalbuminemia, and HTLV-1 positivity ( 6 , 17 ). Age, gender, corticosteroid use, hypoalbuminemia, and HTLV-1 positivity were chosen as explanatory variables.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…TB were reported to include the CD4 count, age, lymphocyte count, and underlying disease. (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). However, some studies have reported in influence of these factors (7,9,13,14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeterminate results have been reported with a frequency of 0-5.4% in the general population and 3.5-33% in immunocompromised patients for T-SPOT. TB ( 6 ). Our study showed a similar frequency to previous reports.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For the T-SPOT.TB in particular, indeterminate results are reported with a frequency of 0-5.4% in the general popula-tion and 3.5-33% in immunocompromised patients (6). The cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) counts, the age, lymphocyte counts, and underlying diseases have been reported as factors influencing T-SPOT.TB indeterminate results (1-12).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Influencing the Indeterminate Results in a T-SPOT.<i>TB</i> test: A Matched Case-control Study

et al. 2023

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Factors Influencing the Indeterminate Results in a T-SPOT.<i>TB</i> test: A Matched Case-control Study

et al. 2023

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“…The T-SPOT®.TB(Oxford Immunotec) was used following the manufacturer's guidelines [ 17 ]. Peripheral blood (4 mL) was collected and specific T-cell responses to the region of difference 1 encoded antigens were detected by T-SPOT.TB within 6 h. AIM-V was used as the nil control and phytohemagglutinin was used as the positive control.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence, risk factors for active tuberculosis infection and changes of IGRA in patients with Takayasu arteritis: a prospective cohort study

Peng,

Li,

Rong

et al. 2024

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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There is limited evidence to support the association between tuberculosis (TB) and the occurrence of Takayasu arteritis (TAK). To investigate the incidence of active TB (ATB) in TAK and explore the impact of anti-rheumatic therapy on the occurrence of ATB or reactivation of Latent TB infection (LTBI) and their effect on interferon-γ release assay (IGRA) results, we conducted a prospective study based on the Chinese Registry for Systemic Vasculitis cohort. The standard incidence ratio (SIR) was calculated and stratified by age. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to determine the effect of variables on ATB or LTBI reactivation in patients with TAK. Data from 825 patients with TAK in the registry were analysed. During a median follow-up of 5 years, 5 patients developed ATB with a crude incidence of 154 (95%CI:57–381) person-years/100,000. The SIR was 5.59 (95%CI:1.81–13.04). Glucocorticoids and conventional disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (cDMARDs) did not increase the risk of ATB or LTBI reactivation ( P > 0.05). However, the use of tumour necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi) increased the risk of ATB in patients with LTBI ( P < 0.001). Furthermore, the value of the IGRA assay decreased after treatment ( P < 0.05). In conclusion, the incidence of TB infection is markedly increased in patients with TAK and patients with TAK are at high risk of developing ATB. Treatment with glucocorticoids and cDMARDs does not significantly increase the risk for ATB in patients with TAK. Moreover, IGRA may have limited effectiveness in monitoring ATB infection or LTBI reactivation in patients with TAK.

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Antiviral immune response against HTLV-1 invalidates T-SPOT.TB® results in patients with HTLV-1-positive rheumatic diseases

Kimura,

Umekita,

Iwao

et al. 2024

Front. Immunol.

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BackgroundT-SPOT.TB®, one of the screening tests for latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), yields invalid results in human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1)-positive patients with rheumatoid arthritis. However, the detailed mechanisms behind this invalidation are unclear. Additionally, it remains unclear whether T-SPOT.TB® or QuantiFERON-TB (QFT) is more useful in HTLV-1-positive patients with rheumatic disease (RD).MethodAmong all of the HTLV-1-positive RD patients who visited our department between August 2012 and December 2022, 44 patients who were screened using T-SPOT.TB® were included in the analysis. QFT testing was performed in 33 of the 44 patients, and the results were compared with that of T-SPOT.TB®. Furthermore, we performed a culture experiment mimicking T-SPOT.TB® using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from HTLV-1-positive patients with RD. Additionally, T-cell subsets with autonomous product IFN-γ were analyzed using a flow cytometer.ResultsOf the included patients, 13 (29.5%) were invalid for T-SPOT.TB® because of the increased number of negative control spots. The median HTLV-1 proviral load in the invalid group was higher than that in the valid group (2.45 vs. 0.49 copies/100 PBMCs, respectively, p = 0.002). QFT was performed in all 33 patients, including 13 patients who were invalid in T-SPOT.TB®. The main source of IFN-γ production was CD8+ T-cells in the T-SPOT.TB® mimic experiment. Furthermore, Tax-expressing CD4+ T-cells and Tax-specific cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells were more frequently observed in patients with invalid results than in patients with valid results. CD4+ T-cell depletion in the T-SPOT.TB® mimic experiment reduced the population of IFN-γ producing CD8+ T cells.ConclusionT-SPOT.TB® may be invalidated by the interaction between Tax-expressing CD4+ T-cells and cytotoxic CD8+ T-cells. Moreover, HTLV-1-associated immune reactions due to contact between these cells may be unlikely to occur in QFT using whole blood. Therefore, our results reveal the superiority of QFT over T-SPOT.TB® as a screening test for LTBI in HTLV-1-positive patients with RD.

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Prevalence and influencing factors of the high nil-control spot count in T-SPOT.TB: A matched case-control study

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Factors Influencing the Indeterminate Results in a T-SPOT.<i>TB</i> test: A Matched Case-control Study

Factors Influencing the Indeterminate Results in a T-SPOT.<i>TB</i> test: A Matched Case-control Study

Incidence, risk factors for active tuberculosis infection and changes of IGRA in patients with Takayasu arteritis: a prospective cohort study

Antiviral immune response against HTLV-1 invalidates T-SPOT.TB® results in patients with HTLV-1-positive rheumatic diseases

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