Prevalence and Inhibition of Microbial Load on Chicken Eggs with Special References to Egg Quality and Hatchability

Abstract

A total of 304 random chicken egg samples obtained from layers of Balady and Battery systems. 144 of chicken Balady and Battery eggs (72 of each sample were divided into 18 batches) were used for bacteriological evaluation. Enterobactriacae (94.4, 33.3 and 27.7%), Salmonella (77, 29 and 22%), E.coli (44, 0 and 22%) and Staphylococcus aureus (100, 97 and 98%) were detected in shell, albumen and yolk in Balady eggs, respectively. Battery system showed lower incidence in Enterobactriacae (50, 16.6 and 22%), Salmonella (41.6, 8 and 0%), E.coli (27.7, 9 and 19%) and Staphylococcus aureus (100, 83 and 95%), respectively. Results concluded that the system in which the hens are housed contribute in rate of contamination of eggs. Staphylococcus aureus showed a higher prevalence rate compared to other pathogens in both laying systems. About 160 Balady eggs were selected for studying the effect of different pathogen inhibitors, 80 eggs for detecting preservation after 21 days at room temperature and the other 80 fertile Balady eggs for detecting hatchability and mortality. The efficacy of application of different pathogen inhibitors as Propionic acid at different concentration 10, 30, 50, 70 and 100%, Hydrogen Peroxides (H 2 O 2 ) 3% and Virkon S 1% on eggs were recorded. Propionic acid10%, Virkon S and H 2 O 2 showed nearly similar significant inhibitory effect on pathogens on egg shells ranged from 86 to 100%, albumin from 33.4 to 100% and yolk from 34.3 to100%, while 30% Propionic acid has highly significant inhibitory effect on pathogen load ranged from 99.8 to100%. About 30% propionic acid concentration had a preservative effect on table eggs for 21 days at room temperature and increasing hatching percent up to 90% and lowering embryonic mortality to10% in fertile eggs. The findings of this study indicate that 30% Propionic acid may be considered as a favorable disinfectant agent for the egg shell spraying.

Study of antibiotics resistance in bacteria isolated from retailed eggshell in three major markets in Minna, Nigeria

“…This might be attributed to their tolerance to dry condition (De Reu et al, 2007) or suggest egg contamination due to poor hygienic practices. This result is in concordance with the one obtained by Fardows et al (2016); Ibrahim et al (2014); Siriporn et al (2015), where S. aureus had the highest frequency of occurrence compared to other bacteria isolated from the shell of eggs.…”

“…Furthermore, the occurrence of these food borne bacterial pathogens on eggshells retailed from major markets in Minna pose serious threat to public health. This result disagrees with the reports from similar studies conducted by Ibrahim et al (2014);Chaemsanit et al (2015); Mansour et al (2015); Al Momani et al (2017); and Parveen et al (2017), where Shigella sp. was not isolated.…”

“…However, Neisseria sp. was not reported in studies by Ibrahim et al (2014), Al Momani et al (2017) and Parveen et al (2017). The low frequency of occurrence observed may be due to the low oxygen tolerance of Neisseria sp.…”

The Effects of Using Garlic Extract for Quail Hatching Egg Disinfection on Hatching Results and Performance

“…The use of pre-hatching fumigation in breeding facilities and hatcheries aims at preventing the growth and reducing the numbers of microorganisms such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, enterobacteria, molds, and yeasts on the eggshell surface (De Reu et al, 2006). Formaldehyde is typically used as a disinfectant of hatching eggs, but other chemicals, as hydrogen peroxide (Cox et al, 2000), Virkon S (Gholami- Ahangaran et al, 2016), propionic acid (Ibrahim et al, 2014), and quaternary ammonium (Arhienowa et al, 1980;Sacco et al,1989) have been tested. Studies also report other methods for hatching egg disinfection, including ultraviolet light (Coufal et al, 2003;Al-Shammari et al, 2015), electrolyzed oxidizing water (Russell, 2003;Bialka et al, 2004;Keita et al, 2016), application of low and high frequency ultrasound (Yildirimet al, 2015;Al-Shammari et al, 2015), ozone (Hrcncar et al, 2012), and glutaraldehyde surfactant solution (Proudfoot et al, 1985).…”

Microbiological Status of Farms and Baladi Hens’ Eggs

“…For baladi hens' eggs shell, the incidence of E. coli was 53.3% with highest frequency distribution of 20% and laid in the range of 3 -< 10 cfu/shell (Tables 3 & 4). Lower incidences of 32 and 44% were revealed by Al-Ashmawy (2013); Ibrahim et al (2014), respectively. Concerning to Pearson Chisquare test, there was higher significance difference between incidences of E. coli in farms and baladi hens' eggs shell (χ2 = 15.556 and P < 0.01).…”