Prevalence and intensity of bacteraemia following orthodontic procedures

Umeh, Onyinye Dorothy; Sanu, O O; Utomi, I L; Nwaokorie, Francisca O.

doi:10.1016/j.ortho.2015.12.001

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…An example would be asymptomatic bacteraemia, which sometimes occurs as a result of dental procedures, e.g. tooth extraction or orthodontic procedures [3, 4]. However, it is generally agreed that bacteria must be rapidly eliminated from the bloodstream.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive detection and identification of bacterial DNA in the blood of patients with sepsis and healthy volunteers using next-generation sequencing method - the observation of DNAemia

Gosiewski

Ludwig-Gałęzowska

Huminska

et al. 2016

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

140

122

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Blood is considered to be a sterile microenvironment, in which bacteria appear only periodically. Previously used methods allowed only for the detection of either viable bacteria with low sensitivity or selected species of bacteria. The Next-Generation Sequencing method (NGS) enables the identification of all bacteria in the sample with their taxonomic classification. We used NGS for the analysis of blood samples from healthy volunteers (n = 23) and patients with sepsis (n = 62) to check whether any bacterial DNA exists in the blood of healthy people and to identify bacterial taxonomic profile in the blood of septic patients. The presence of bacterial DNA was found both in septic and healthy subjects; however, bacterial diversity was significantly different (P = 0.002) between the studied groups. Among healthy volunteers, a significant predominance of anaerobic bacteria (76.2 %), of which most were bacteria of the order Bifidobacteriales (73.0 %), was observed. In sepsis, the majority of detected taxa belonged to aerobic or microaerophilic microorganisms (75.1 %). The most striking difference was seen in the case of Actinobacteria phyla, the abundance of which was decreased in sepsis (P < 0.001) and Proteobacteria phyla which was decreased in the healthy volunteers (P < 0.001). Our research shows that bacterial DNA can be detected in the blood of healthy people and that its taxonomic composition is different from the one seen in septic patients. Detection of bacterial DNA in the blood of healthy people may suggest that bacteria continuously translocate into the blood, but not always cause sepsis; this observation can be called DNAemia.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s10096-016-2805-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comprehensive detection and identification of bacterial DNA in the blood of patients with sepsis and healthy volunteers using next-generation sequencing method - the observation of DNAemia

Gosiewski

Ludwig-Gałęzowska

Huminska

et al. 2016

Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis

140

122

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“…The results of the diversity of bacteria after dental procedures are influenced by the different test methods. Some authors, for example, prefer using lysis filtration for cultures (Heimdahl et al, ; Sonbol et al, ; Umeh, Sanu, Utomi, & Nwaokorie, ), while others use blood cultures, which are often described as the “gold standard” (Boutaga, van Winkelhoff, Vandenbroucke‐Grauls, & Savelkoul, ; D'Ercole, Catamo, & Piccolomini, ; Eickholz, ; Hartzell, Torres, Kim, & Wortmann, ; Lafaurie et al, ; Verner et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacteremia after professional mechanical plaque removal in patients with chronic periodontitis

Beutler

Jentsch

Rodloff³

et al. 2019

Oral Diseases

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Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of bacteremia caused by professional mechanical plaque removal (PMPR) in two groups of patients with generalized moderate chronic periodontitis. Materials and Methods Venous blood samples were taken at multiple time points for one hour following PMPR in fifty patients with generalized moderate chronic periodontitis. Subjects consisted of two groups, one group was receiving supportive periodontal therapy (SPT, n = 25) and the other group was receiving initial periodontal therapy (IPT, n = 25). Blood samples were processed and analyzed for cultivable microflora. Pertinent clinical parameters were recorded for each patient in both groups. Results Bacteremia was detected in 10 of 25 SPT and 8 of 25 IPT patients (p = 0.796). In both groups, the prevalence of bacteremia was dependent on the time of blood sampling and varied in magnitude between <102 CFU/ml and 106 CFU/ml. Sixteen different bacterial species were identified in both groups, mostly Actinomyces naeslundii (SPT n = 3, IPT n = 4) and Streptococcus spp. (SPT n = 6, IPT n = 2). In regression models, Grade II furcation involvement (p = 0.004) and Gingival Bleeding Index (p = 0.036) had affected the occurrence of bacteremia but in the SPT group only. Conclusion Professional mechanical plaque removal was associated with bacteremia regardless of whether a patient was receiving SPT or IPT.

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“…Based on the findings in relation to orthodontics, a significant increase in the prevalence and intensity of bacteremia was observed after spacer placement prior to orthodontic banding. One of the predominant bacteria isolated in the blood cultures were Staphylococcus species [21] . There is a direct relationship between the use of removable orthodontic appliances and an increase in pathogenic periodontal microorganisms.…”

Section: Prevalencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Also, an enzymatic method on uncleaned orthodontic bands revealed that 5% of the sample showed bacterial growth, while manual scrubbing, use of enzymatic solution and a combination of both showed no bacterial growth [52] . The use of a 0.2% chlorhexidine mouth rinse is recommended prior to spacer placement in orthodontic patients due to the high risk of bacteremia [21] . The treatment of this bacterium is complicated, several authors mention that many strains of this bacterium have developed resistance to the effects of antibiotics, therefore its treatment with antibiotics should be very thorough.…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Untitled

2023

Int. J. Appl. Dent. Sci.

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Introduction: Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen present worldwide that produces a large number of toxic molecules, has a 47.5% mortality rate in patients infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), but its prevalence and its contribution to infections in the oral cavity and in the orthodontic area have not been thoroughly investigated. Objective: To analyze the current literature on the presence of Staphylococcus aureus in relation to orthodontics, as well as its prevalence, virulence, biofilm and treatment. Methodology: An electronic search was carried out in the databases PubMed, Google scholar and SCOPUS, compiling articles on Staphylococcus aureus published in the last 5 years; the following keywords were used for the search: "Staphylococcus aureus", "prevalence", "virulence", "biofilm", "treatment", "systemic", "oral", "dental", "orthodontics", among others. Results: A prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus of 90.9% was found on the surface of removable orthodontic appliances. The common virulence factor presents in systemic, oral cavity and proposed orthodontic-related infections is enterotoxins. Adhesion and biofilm formation on the arch wires can be a source of Staphylococcus aureus colonization. The use of 0.2% chlorhexidine rinse is recommended before performing any treatment in oral cavity. Conclusions: It is of utmost importance to inform patients undergoing orthodontic treatment of the risks that can occur if daily removal of the oral micro biota and cleaning of removable appliances before placing them in the mouth is not carried out.

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Prevalence and intensity of bacteraemia following orthodontic procedures

Cited by 7 publications

References 51 publications

Comprehensive detection and identification of bacterial DNA in the blood of patients with sepsis and healthy volunteers using next-generation sequencing method - the observation of DNAemia

Comprehensive detection and identification of bacterial DNA in the blood of patients with sepsis and healthy volunteers using next-generation sequencing method - the observation of DNAemia

Bacteremia after professional mechanical plaque removal in patients with chronic periodontitis

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