Prevalence and Load of the Campylobacter Genus in Infants and Associated Household Contacts in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: a Longitudinal Study from the Campylobacter Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) Project

Deblais, Loïc; Ojeda, Amanda; Brhane, Mussie; Mummed, Bahar; Hassen, Kedir A.; Ahmedo, Belisa Usmael; Weldesenbet, Yenenesh Demisie; Amin, Jafer Kedir; Ahmed, Ibsa Abdusemed; Usmane, Ibsa Aliyi; Yusuf, Efrah Ali; Seran, Abadir Jemal; Abrahim, Fayo I.; Game, Halengo T.; Mummed, Ballo A.; Usmail, Meri M.; Umer, Kunuza Adem; Dawid, Mawardi M.; Gebreyes, Wondwossen; French, Nigel; Hassen, Jemal Yousuf; Roba, Kedir Teji; Mohammed, Abdulmuen; Yimer, Getnet; Saleem, Cyrus; Chen, Dehao; Singh, Nitya; Manary, Mark J.; McKune, Sarah L.; Havelaar, Arie H.; Rajashekara, Gireesh

doi:10.1128/aem.00424-23

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…was higher in dogs and poultry compared to sheep and cattle in concurrence with a finding from southwest Ethiopia where the percentage of isolation was higher in chicken compared to sheep and cattle [58]. Conversely, other studies in the central and southwest regions of Ethiopia reported higher rates of C. jejuni in ruminants and C. coli in sheep [20,58,61]. The isolation rate of Campylobacter among household dogs (64%) was higher compared to rates from other countries (11-45.4%) [62,63], possibly due to the unrestricted movements of dogs in the neighborhood, potentially increasing their exposure to various sources of contamination, including the excreta of children and from consumption of dairy products [64].…”

Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasessupporting

confidence: 84%

Campylobacter occurrence and antimicrobial resistance profile in under five-year-old diarrheal children, backyard farm animals, and companion pets

Mulu,

Joossens,

Kibret

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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Campylobacteriosis disproportionately affects children under five in low-income countries. However, epidemiological and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) information at the children-animal interface is lacking. We hypothesized that Campylobacter is a major cause of enteritis in children in Ethiopia, and contact with animals is a potential source of transmission. The objective of the study was to determine Campylobacter occurrence and its AMR in children under five with diarrhea, backyard farm animals, and companion pets. Stool from 303 children and feces from 711 animals were sampled. Campylobacter was isolated through membrane filtration on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar plates under microaerobic incubation, and the technique showed to be feasible for use in regions lacking organized laboratories. Typical isolates were characterized with MALDI-TOF MS and multiplex PCR. Of 303 children, 20% (n = 59) were infected, with a higher proportion in the 6 to 11-month age group. Campylobacter occurred in 64% (n = 14) of dogs and 44% (n = 112) of poultry. Campylobacter jejuni was present in both a child and animal species in 15% (n = 23) of 149 households positive for Campylobacter. MICs using the gradient strip diffusion test of 128 isolates displayed resistance rates of 20% to ciprofloxacin and 11% to doxycycline. MICs of ciprofloxacin and doxycycline varied between C. coli and C. jejuni, with higher resistance in C. coli and poultry isolates. Campylobacter infection in children and its prevalent excretion from backyard poultry and dogs is a understudied concern. The co-occurrence of C. jejuni in animals and children suggest household-level transmission As resistance to ciprofloxacin and doxycycline was observed, therapy of severe campylobacteriosis should consider susceptibility testing. Findings from this study can support evidence-based diagnosis, antimicrobial treatment, and further investigations on the spread of AMR mechanisms for informed One Health intervention.

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Section: Plos Neglected Tropical Diseasessupporting

confidence: 84%

Campylobacter occurrence and antimicrobial resistance profile in under five-year-old diarrheal children, backyard farm animals, and companion pets

Mulu,

Joossens,

Kibret

et al. 2024

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…DNA extraction, genus-specific Taqman real-time PCR, and species-specific Sybr Green real-time PCR were performed afterwards to detect, quantify, and characterize Campylobacter spp. in these samples 37 .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 76%

“…in the feces of animals, including domestic livestock and poultry. Results from the laboratory showed that the prevalence of Campylobacter in the fecal samples of cattle, sheep, goats, and chicken collected from the CAGED longitudinal study were 99%, 98%, 99%, and 93%, respectively 37 . In rural areas of LMICs, infants and young children are frequently placed on the ground sharing space with free-ranging livestock 57 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geospatial Analysis of Multilevel Socio-environmental Factors Impacting theCampylobacterBurden Among Infants in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: A One Health Perspective

Li,

Chen,

Liang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Increasing attention has focused on health outcomes ofCampylobacterinfections among children under five years in low-resource settings. Recent evidence suggests colonization ofCampylobacterspecies contributes to environmental enteric dysfunction, malnutrition, and growth faltering in young children.Campylobacterspecies are zoonotic, and factors from humans, animals, and the environment are involved in transmission. Few studies have assessed geospatial effects of environmental factors along with human and animal factors onCampylobacterinfections. Here, we leveragedCampylobacterGenomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) project data to model multiple socio-environmental factors onCampylobacterburden among infants in Eastern Ethiopia. Stool samples from 106 infants were collected monthly from birth through the first year of life (December 2020 – June 2022). Genus-specific Taqman real-time PCR was performed to detect and quantifyCampylobacterspp. and calculate cumulativeCampylobacterburden for each child as the outcome variable. Thirteen regional environmental covariates describing topography, climate, vegetation, soil, and human population density were combined with household demographics, livelihoods/wealth, livestock ownership, and child-animal interactions as explanatory variables. We dichotomized all continuous outcome and explanatory variables and built logistic regression models for the first and second half of the infant’s first year of life. Infants being female, living in households with cattle, reported to have physical contact with animals, or reported to have mouthed soil or animal feces had increased odds of higher cumulativeCampylobacterburden in Eastern Ethiopia. Future interventions should focus on infant-specific transmission pathways and create adequate separation of domestic animals from humans to prevent potential fecal exposures.

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“…The most likely way that a food handler contracts campylobacter jejuni infection is via touching their hands to a work surface or untreated water. The two enteropathogens of this genus that are of greatest importance are Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli (Deblais et al 2023). Mode of transmission of campylobacter is presented in Fig.…”

Section: Campylobactermentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence, Transmission Mechanisms and Pathologic Implications of Bacterial Zoonotic Diseases of Fish

2023

IJAB

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Fish harbor a variety of bacterial pathogens, some of which can cause disease in humans. Zoonotic bacteria that may be present in asymptomatic fish hosts pose a public health risk when transmitted to humans through handling or consuming infected fish. Mycobacteriosis, caused by species in the Mycobacterium marinum group, is perhaps the most notorious zoonotic infection associated with fish and can produce serious skin infections in humans. Streptococcosis and staphylococcosis also occur with some frequency in fish and can result in human cases of septicemia, endocarditis or pneumonia if injured skin comes into contact with infected fish tissues and bacteria access wounds. Additionally, some Vibrio and Clostridium species found among fish may cause wound infections or gastrointestinal illness in humans, usually subsequent to exposure through handling or ingesting raw seafood. Clinical signs of bacterial zoonosis are variable and diagnosis in human cases can prove complicated by the vast diversity of potential pathogens involved. Preventative measures center on educating aquarists and fish handlers to avoid direct contact with ulcerated areas, lesions or feces from diseased fish. For consumer safety, good aquaculture practices that reduce bacterial loads in farmed fish stock are recommended. Moreover, thoroughly cooking fish to an internal temperature over 140°F destroys pathogens that may be present. Additional research priorities include better characterization of bacterial diversity among wild and farmed fish, investigating genetic and immunological aspects of disease resistance, developing improved diagnostics through genomic analysis, assessing efficacy of existing antibacterial treatments in clearing pathogens prior to human consumption and formulating integrated control strategies to mitigate risks. This book chapter examines the incidence, transmission mechanisms and pathologic implications of common bacterial zoonosis originating from fish hosts.

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Prevalence and Load of the Campylobacter Genus in Infants and Associated Household Contacts in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: a Longitudinal Study from the Campylobacter Genomics and Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (CAGED) Project

Cited by 7 publications

References 56 publications

Campylobacter occurrence and antimicrobial resistance profile in under five-year-old diarrheal children, backyard farm animals, and companion pets

Campylobacter occurrence and antimicrobial resistance profile in under five-year-old diarrheal children, backyard farm animals, and companion pets

Geospatial Analysis of Multilevel Socio-environmental Factors Impacting theCampylobacterBurden Among Infants in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: A One Health Perspective

Incidence, Transmission Mechanisms and Pathologic Implications of Bacterial Zoonotic Diseases of Fish

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