Prevalence and magnitude of groundwater use by vegetation: a global stable isotope meta-analysis

Evaristo, Jaivime; McDonnell, Jeffrey J.

doi:10.1038/srep44110

Cited by 129 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 183 publications

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“…However, compared with shallow roots in the upper 1‐m soil layer, deep root systems are poorly understood and characterized (Pierret et al, ). We lack understanding of how their depth and distribution relates to the infiltration depth of storm rainfall (Fan et al, ) and how they control the source apportionment of forest transpiration (Evaristo, Jasechko, & McDonnell, ; Evaristo & McDonnell, ). Recent work by Zhang, Evaristo, Li, Si, and McDonnell () has related deep rooting profiles to the age of extracted soil water by tree xylem water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water mining from the deep critical zone by apple trees growing on loess

Li¹,

Cheng

Wu³

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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117

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There have been significant recent advances in understanding the ecohydrology of deep soil. However, the links between root development and water usage in the deep critical zone remains poorly understood. To clarify the interaction between water use and root development in deep soil, we investigated soil water and root profiles beyond maximum rooting depth in five apple orchards planted on farmland with stand ages of 8, 11, 15, 18, and 22 years in a subhumid region on the Chinese Loess Plateau. Apple trees rooted progressively deeper for water with increasing stand age and reached 23.2 ± 0.8 m for the 22‐year‐old trees. Soil water deficit in deep soil increased with tree age and was 1,530 ± 43 mm for a stand age of 22 years. Measured root deepening rate was far great than the reported pore water velocity, which demonstrated that trees are mining resident old water. The deficits are not replenished during the life‐span of the orchard, showing a one‐way mining of the critical zone water. The one‐way root water mining may have changed the fine root profile from an exponential pattern in the 8‐year‐old orchard to a relative uniform distribution in older orchards. Our findings enhance our understanding of water‐root interaction in deep soil and reveal the unintended consequences of critical zone dewatering during the lifespan of apple trees.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water mining from the deep critical zone by apple trees growing on loess

Li¹,

Cheng

Wu³

et al. 2018

Hydrological Processes

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117

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“…Groundwater serves as an important resource for plant growth, survival, and distribution in these areas (Evaristo & McDonnell, 2017;Miller, Chen, Rubin, Ma, & Baldocchi, 2010;Stromberg, Tluczek, Hazelton, & Ajami, 2010). Groundwater serves as an important resource for plant growth, survival, and distribution in these areas (Evaristo & McDonnell, 2017;Miller, Chen, Rubin, Ma, & Baldocchi, 2010;Stromberg, Tluczek, Hazelton, & Ajami, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of two desert riparian species to fluctuating groundwater depths in hyperarid areas of Northwest China

Tong

Huang

et al. 2019

Ecohydrology

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In the hyperarid region of Northwest China, frequent variations in hydrological environments present challenges to the persistence of riparian plants. The main objective of this study was to determine whether two desert riparian species (Populus euphratica and Tamarix ramosissima) differed in their water uptake patterns and ecophysiological responses to fluctuating groundwater depths (GWDs). This study was conducted in typical desert riparian ecosystems in the downstream Heihe River basin, Northwestern China, where the GWD continuously increases during growing season. Stable oxygen composition (δ 18 O) in xylem water, soil water, and groundwater, as well as leaf water potential and gas exchange were monitored. Results showed that P. euphratica used a higher ratio of soil water, whereas T. ramosissima relied more on groundwater and deep soil water. As the GWD increased during the growing season, both species modified their water use patterns, but they did so differently, P. euphratica extracted an increasing proportion of deep soil water and groundwater, whereas T. ramosissima took an increasing ratio of groundwater at critical growth stages. P. euphratica exhibited decreases in its daily maximum photosynthetic rate (A max ) and stomatal conductance (g max ) as the GWD increased, whereas those of T. ramosissima changed little. In summary, both species shift to use greater ratio of more reliable water sources with the increasing GWD, but the switching of water sources could not sufficiently compensate for the impact of drought stress on gas exchange for P. euphratica.

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“…Nevertheless, the effects of different mixing models on the interpretation of source apportionment results are poorly understood. But quantifying the contributions from various sources in the subsurface (i.e., source proportions) is needed given the growing interest in the role of groundwater as a water source for vegetation in the Critical Zone (Evaristo & McDonnell, ; Fan, ). While recent work (Evaristo, Jasechko, & McDonnell, ; Good, Noone, & Bowen, ; Zhang, Evaristo, Li, Si, & McDonnell, ) has provided evidence for ecohydrological separation (Brooks, Barnard, Coulombe, & McDonnell, ; McDonnell, ) whereby plants appear to use water of a character different to mobile water found in soils, groundwater, and streams, methods used for quantifying the contribution of groundwater to xylem water have yet to be critically examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In early, mostly pre‐2000s era studies when the cost of isotope analysis was prohibitive, the use of either δ 2 H or δ 18 O (“single isotope ratio”) in most of the aforementioned approaches was deemed sufficient. As the cost of isotope analysis decreased, analysing for isotopes of both H and O (“dual isotope ratio”) rapidly became the norm (see Evaristo & McDonnell, ). Consequently, the insights from H and O information, in the context of plant source water research, did not always reinforce each other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant source water apportionment using stable isotopes: A comparison of simple linear, two‐compartment mixing model approaches

Evaristo

McDonnell

Clemens³

2017

Hydrological Processes

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Plant source water identification using stable isotopes is now a common practice in ecohydrological process investigations. Notwithstanding, little critical evaluation of the approaches for source apportionment have been conducted. Here, we present a critical evaluation of the main methods used for source apportionment between vadose and saturated zone water: simple mass balance and Bayesian mixing models. We leverage new isotope stem water samples from a diverse set of tree species in a strikingly uniform terrain and soil conditions at the Christchurch Botanic Garden, New Zealand. Our results show that using δ2H alone in a simple, two‐source mass balance approach leads to erroneous results, particularly an apparent overestimation of groundwater contribution to xylem. Alternatively, using both δ2H and δ18O in a Bayesian inference framework improves the source water estimates and is more useful than the simple mass balance approach, particularly when soil and groundwater contributions are relatively disproportionate. We suggest that plant source water quantification methods should take into consideration the possible effects of 2H/1H fractionation. The Bayesian inference approach used here may be less sensitive to 2H/1H fractionation effects than simple mass balance methods.

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Prevalence and magnitude of groundwater use by vegetation: a global stable isotope meta-analysis

Cited by 129 publications

References 183 publications

Water mining from the deep critical zone by apple trees growing on loess

Water mining from the deep critical zone by apple trees growing on loess

Responses of two desert riparian species to fluctuating groundwater depths in hyperarid areas of Northwest China

Plant source water apportionment using stable isotopes: A comparison of simple linear, two‐compartment mixing model approaches

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