Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Rickettsia spp. from Wild Small Mammals in Public Parks and Urban Areas of Bangkok Metropolitan, Thailand

Rungrojn, Artharee; Chaisiri, Kittipong; Paladsing, Yossapong; Morand, Sergé; Junjhon, Jiraphan; Blacksell, Stuart D.; Ekchariyawat, Peeraya

doi:10.3390/tropicalmed6040199

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…asembonensis [ 14 ], while ticks, fleas, and chiggers in southern Thailand have been found to harbor O . tsutsugamushi [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Serological detection of Rickettsia spp. and evaluation of blood parameters in pet dogs and cats from Bangkok and neighboring provinces

Fa-ngoen,

Kaewmongkol,

Inthong

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Rickettsiosis is caused by Orientia spp. and Rickettsia spp., arthropod-borne zoonotic intracellular bacteria. The close relationships between pet dogs, cats and owners increase the risk of rickettsial transmission, with limited studies on the seroprevalence in pets. This study investigated the prevalence of rickettsia exposure among dogs and cats in Bangkok and neighboring provinces. The samples from 367 dogs and 187 cats used in this study were leftover serum samples from routine laboratory testing stored at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital. In-house Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests included IgG against the scrub typhus group (STG), typhus group (TG), and spotted fever group (SFG). The seroprevalence in pet dogs was 30.25% (111/367), including 21.53% for STG, 4.36% for TG, and 1.09% for SFG. Co-seroprevalence consisted of 2.72% for STG and TG, 0.27% for STG and SFG, and 0.27% for pangroup infection. The prevalence in cats was 62.56% (117/187), including 28.34% for STG, 4.28% for TG, and 6.42% for STG. Co-seroprevalence in cats consisted of STG and TG (4.28%), STG and SFG (5.35%), TG and SFG (3.21%), and three-group infection (10.69%). No significant difference in seroprevalence for the three serogroups was observed in any of the 64 districts sampled. The mean hematocrit level significantly decreased in seropositive dogs (P<0.05). Seropositive dogs and cats were detected in significantly greater numbers of anemia cases than nonanemia cases (P<0.05) (odds ratio: 7.93, 0.44, p = 0.00, p = 0.01). A significantly higher number of seropositive cats had decreased hemoglobin levels (P<0.05) (odds ratio: 3.63, p = 0.00). The seropositive samples significantly differed among older cats (P<0.05). These high exposures in pet dogs and cats could constitute important relationship dynamics between companion animals and rickettsial vectors. Significantly decreased hematocrit and hemoglobin levels indicated anemia in the exposed dogs and cats. The study findings will raise awareness of this neglected disease among pet owners and veterinary hospital personnel and aid in future public health preventative planning.

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“…asembonensis [ 14 ], while ticks, fleas, and chiggers in southern Thailand have been found to harbor O . tsutsugamushi [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…typhi and R . felis has been found in small mammals captured from a park in Bangkok [ 16 ]. This information suggests that carrier animals and their vectors are ubiquitous in both urban and rural areas, and there is a possibility that these gnawing animals and their vectors may have close contact with pets, making this a matter of concern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Serological detection of Rickettsia spp. and evaluation of blood parameters in pet dogs and cats from Bangkok and neighboring provinces

Fa-ngoen,

Kaewmongkol,

Inthong

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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“…There are variations in the reported prevalence of rickettsial agent infections among wild small mammals in different regions such as Southwest China and the Indo-China peninsula (2.02%), Slovakia (19.10%), and Kazakhstan (2.72%) [ 41 – 43 ]. In our study, the genus Dremomys exhibited a significantly high rate of Rickettsiales positivity among small mammals, while the highest frequency was observed in the genus Rattus , which is widely distributed and commonly found near local residences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic diversity and prevalence of emerging Rickettsiales in Yunnan Province: a large-scale study

Du,

Xiang,

Bie

et al. 2024

Infect Dis Poverty

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Background Rickettsia and related diseases have been identified as significant global public health threats. This study involved comprehensive field and systematic investigations of various rickettsial organisms in Yunnan Province. Methods Between May 18, 2011 and November 23, 2020, field investigations were conducted across 42 counties in Yunnan Province, China, encompassing small mammals, livestock, and ticks. Preliminary screenings for Rickettsiales involved amplifying the 16S rRNA genes, along with additional genus- or species-specific genes, which were subsequently confirmed through sequencing results. Sequence comparisons were carried out using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using the default parameters in the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) program. The chi-squared test was used to assess the diversities and component ratios of rickettsial agents across various parameters. Results A total of 7964 samples were collected from small mammals, livestock, and ticks through Yunnan Province and submitted for screening for rickettsial organisms. Sixteen rickettsial species from the genera Rickettsia, Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Neoehrlichia, and Wolbachia were detected, with an overall prevalence of 14.72%. Among these, 11 species were identified as pathogens or potential pathogens to humans and livestock. Specifically, 10 rickettsial organisms were widely found in 42.11% (24 out of 57) of small mammal species. High prevalence was observed in Dremomys samples at 5.60%, in samples from regions with latitudes above 4000 m or alpine meadows, and in those obtained from Yuanmou County. Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis were broadly infecting multiple genera of animal hosts. In contrast, the small mammal genera Neodon, Dremomys, Ochotona, Anourosorex, and Mus were carrying individually specific rickettsial agents, indicating host tropism. There were 13 rickettsial species detected in 57.14% (8 out of 14) of tick species, with the highest prevalence (37.07%) observed in the genus Rhipicephalus. Eight rickettsial species were identified in 2375 livestock samples. Notably, six new Rickettsiales variants/strains were discovered, and Candidatus Rickettsia longicornii was unambiguously identified. Conclusions This large-scale survey provided further insight into the high genetic diversity and overall prevalence of emerging Rickettsiales within endemic hotspots in Yunnan Province. The potential threats posed by these emerging tick-borne Rickettsiales to public health warrant attention, underscoring the need for effective strategies to guide the prevention and control of emerging zoonotic diseases in China. Graphical Abstract

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“…The Rattini tribe taxonomy is considered to be one of the most intricate group of mammals, and researchers have not agreed upon an ultimate nomenclature 37 , 38 . The authors here decided to follow other studies and call these individuals as part of the R. rattus complex 39 , 40 , until further analyses help to elucidate this groups’ taxonomy.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

VKORC1 mutations in rodent populations of a tropical city-state as an indicator of anticoagulant rodenticide resistance

Chua

Humaidi

Neves

et al. 2022

Sci Rep

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Anticoagulant rodenticides are commonly used in rodent control because they are economical and have great deployment versatility. However, rodents with Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) mutations within the Vkorc1 gene are resistant to the effects of anticoagulant rodenticide use and this influences the effectiveness of control strategies that rely on such rodenticides. This study examined the prevalence of rat SNP mutations in Singapore to inform the effectiveness of anticoagulant rodenticide use. A total of 130 rat tail samples, comprising 83 Rattus norvegicus (63.8%) and 47 Rattus rattus complex (36.2%) were conveniently sampled from November 2016 to December 2019 from urban settings and sequenced at exon 3 of Vkorc1. Sequencing analysis revealed 4 synonymous and 1 non-synonymous mutations in Rattus rattus complex samples. A novel synonymous mutation of L108L was identified and not previously reported in other studies. Non-synonymous SNPs were not detected in the notable codons of 120, 128 and 139 in R. norvegicus, where these regions are internationally recognised to be associated with resistance from prior studies. Our findings suggest that the prevalence of anticoagulant rodenticide resistance in Singapore is low. Continued monitoring of rodenticide resistance is important for informing rodent control strategies aimed at reducing rodent-borne disease transmission.

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Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Rickettsia spp. from Wild Small Mammals in Public Parks and Urban Areas of Bangkok Metropolitan, Thailand

Cited by 6 publications

References 47 publications

Serological detection of Rickettsia spp. and evaluation of blood parameters in pet dogs and cats from Bangkok and neighboring provinces

Serological detection of Rickettsia spp. and evaluation of blood parameters in pet dogs and cats from Bangkok and neighboring provinces

Genetic diversity and prevalence of emerging Rickettsiales in Yunnan Province: a large-scale study

VKORC1 mutations in rodent populations of a tropical city-state as an indicator of anticoagulant rodenticide resistance

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