Prevalence and molecular characterization of infectious bronchitis virus isolated from chicken in Bangladesh

Abstract

Aim: The present study was aimed to determine the prevalence of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) as well as virus isolation, identification, and molecular characterization of various strains circulating in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 371 swabs and organ samples were collected from four types of chicken including layer, Sonali (local), broiler, and broiler breeder under eight districts (Rangpur, Bogura, Tangail, Dhaka, Gazipur, Mymensingh, Jamalpur, and Cumilla) during 2014-2016 in Bangladesh. Results: Out of 371 samples, 65 samples were positive in reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for molecular identification of IBV. The overall prevalence was 17.52% recorded and among the selected types of chicken, the highest prevalence of IBV was found in layer that was 42.22% followed by 17.24% in Sonali, 14.93% in broiler breeder, and lowest prevalence was 11.94% in broiler chicken, respectively. Moreover, the prevalence of IBV was recorded highest in aged chicken at 41-60 weeks, which was 54.55% in layer, 27.27% in Sonali, and, afterward, 14.68% was found in broiler breeder, respectively. Frequency of IBV more frequently in winter (22.67%) followed by rainy (15.87%) and summer season (11.58%). The highest prevalence of IBV was found Tangail district (41.67%) followed by Mymensingh (24.42%), Gazipur (19.32%), Dhaka (15.38%), Jamalpur (16.67%), Bogura (13.68%), Cumilla (5.88%), and Rangpur (9.26%), respectively. Samples that were found high positive in IBV RT-PCR (Ct value below 30) were subjected to inoculation into chicken egg embryo to observe characteristic changes in chicken embryo. Swabs and organ samples were processed and passaged in 9-day-old embryonated chicken eggs through allantoic cavity route. IBV virus suspected samples inoculated into chicken egg embryos after 3-5 passages showed dwarfing and curling of the embryos which are characteristic lesions of IBV. Allantoic fluid was collected from all inoculated eggs and performed partial sequencing of S1 gene for three isolates. After sequencing, the phylogenetic tree was constructed from the nucleotide sequences of IBV isolates. Two of the isolates are 4/91 IBV and another one matched with QX-like IBV. Conclusion: The results revealed that the three isolates from different places in Bangladesh were identified for the 1st time as which will help for IBV control strategy.

Seroprevalence of major avian respiratory diseases in broiler and sonali chicken in selected areas of Bangladesh

“…Similar findings were previously reported where 71.83% and 23.82% of IBV from Sonali and broiler chickens in Bangladesh were found [19], while a higher seropositive of 54% of IBV from local chickens was recorded in Ghana [18]. Lower seropositive rates ranging from 17.52% to 21.2% of IBV from broiler and local chickens were reported from other geographical areas [28][29][30][31]. The differences in IBV seropositive might be linked with biosecurity, management practices, vaccination status, and environmental factors.…”

Combined usage of rHVT-H5 and Re-6 vaccines towards an effective avian influenza vaccination program for commercial layer chickens

“…The vaccination with rHVT-H5 either in vivo or to one-day-old age chicks at hatchery can elicit strong immunity by both humoral and cell-mediated immunity (20,21). Therefore, antibody against AIV persisted for a longer period, sometimes lifelong in infected chickens.…”

A highly pathogenic GI-19 lineage infectious bronchitis virus originated from multiple recombination events with broad tissue tropism

“…The GI-19 lineage of IBV was also detected in other regions of Asia: North Asia such as in Japan in 1998 (JP-III) (Mase et al, 2004) and in Korea in 2003 (QX-like subgroup in KeII group) (Choi et al, 2009); South Asia such as Bangladesh (Bhuiyan et al, 2019); Southeast Asia such as Thailand (Pohuang et al, 2011), Malaysia (Khanh et al, 2017), and Indonesia (Wibowo et al, 2019); Central Asia such as Afghanistan (Sadri et al, 2019); and Middle East such as Iran (Hosseini et al, 2015;Ghalyanchilangeroudi et al, 2019) and Saudi Arabia (Alsultan et al, 2019). Epidemiological data showed that GI-19 was widespread and had become one of the dominant types in these countries.…”