Prevalence and Molecular Detection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus From Dogs and Cats in Dhaka City

Abstract

Pet (dog and cat) animal numbers have substantially increased in modern society. There is concern over transmission of Staphylococcal infection including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) between animals and humans. The objective of the present study was to determine the prevalence of MRSA from apparently healthy and diseased dog and cat of different veterinary Hospital, clinics and pet animal market in Dhaka city. Samples collected for detection of MRSA were nasal swab, pus and wound swab. Among the 93 samples, 40.86% (n=38/93) were confirmed as positive for S. aureus and4.30% (n=4/93) as MRSA. The detection of MRSA was confirmed phenotypically and also by PCR targeting mec Agene specific for MRSA. All isolates isolated S. aureus were coagulase positive and hence pathogenic. Antibiogram study showed that all these isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and tetracycline. The overall prevalence of MRSA was higher in dog (4.91%) compared to cat (3.13%). The highest prevalence of MRSA (5.88%) was recorded in samples collected from K ataban Pet Animal Market, Dhaka. On sample basis MRSA was higher in nasal swab compared to pus and wound swab. On age basis, the prevalence of MRSA was higher in younger animal compared to older animal. The highest prevalence of S. aureus was found in diseased dog and highest prevalence of MRSA was found in diseased cat. None of the healthy cat was found positive for MRSA. Present study emphasizes that dogs and cats may act as a possible reservoirs for transmission of MRSA to human.

Bacteriological and Molecular Identification and Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from Different Affections of Canines

“…Considering haemolysin production, out of 88 isolates, 12 (13.64%), 45 (51.14%), 28 (31.82%) and 3 (3.41%) showed alpha, beta, gamma and alpha-beta haemolysin production respectively. Predominance of beta haemolysin producing Staphylococcus was in accordance with previous reports (Reddy et al, 2016;Habibullah et al, 2017). Earlier reports of similar frequency (Bhagat et al, 2017) reported 09.64% alpha, 56.63% beta, 32.53% gamma and 01.21% alpha-beta haemolysins.…”

“…However, higher involvement has also been reported as 86.5 (Katarzyna et al, 2013), 86.5 (Ruzauskas et al, 2015), 94 (Melter et al, 2017) per cent cases, respectively. W hereas other reports (Tarazi et al, 2015;Reddy et al, 2016;Habibullah et al, 2017 andYadav et al, 2018) stated lesser involvement of bacteria, principally because these studies were targeted to S. aureus only. Skin is considered primary site of Staphylococcus colonization, so, maximum cases were reported either as pyoderma or abscess/ wound.…”

Investigation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among clinical isolates from humans and animals by culture methods and multiplex PCR

“…Although the proportion of isolated staphylococci was low in our study, the prevalence of MRSA was 11.1% among the dog population studied. Another recent study reported MRSA among dogs in Bangladesh [ 25 ], specifically MRSA was detected from nasal swabs, which was consistent with our study; however, their report was limited to a small confined area and included healthy and diseased dogs. Three other previous studies reported MRSA detection rates of 5%, 8%, and 21.4% among the dog population in Jordan, Finland, and France, respectively [ 32 – 34 ].…”

“…In Bangladesh, the prevalence of MRSA in humans has been studied [ 24 ] and a recent report provided data on the prevalence of MRSA among dogs and cats in one particular city [ 25 ]. In the current study, we determined the prevalence of S. aureus isolates including MRSA in a convenience sample collected from hospitals and veterinary centers in selected areas of Bangladesh.…”

Multi–drug resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk, chicken meat, beef and egg in Bangladesh

“…Among the food borne outbreaks bacterial toxin were 9.8% of which 55.4% cases were due to staphylococcal enterotoxins (Anonymous, 2010). There are some reports on the prevalence of Staphylococcus organism in poultry Samad, 2003, Ali et al, 2017), in milk (Mueena et al, 2015), in restaurant (49.3%) and household (Islam et al, 2016) cockroachs (26.7%), in pet (Habibullah et al, 2017) animal (40.86%) , and in frozen meat (95.83%) rinse ( Islam et al2014) in Bangladesh.…”