Prevalence and Pathogenicity of <i>Cryptosporidium suis</i> in Pre‐ and Post‐weaned Pigs

Vítovec, J; Hamadejova, K.; Landová, L; Kváč, Martin; Květoňová, Dana; B, Sak

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0450.2006.00950.x

Cited by 48 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Our observation that the nursery operation, which has two houses and a 0.3-ha lagoon, compared to the finishing operations with four houses and 0.6-ha lagoons, had the greatest concentration of oocysts is in agreement with the observation of Vitovec et al (34). They reported that the greatest prevalence of Cryptosporidium oocysts in porcine fecal samples was associated with postweaning piglets between 6 and 8 weeks old.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Concentrations, Viability, and Distribution of Cryptosporidium Genotypes in Lagoons of Swine Facilities in the Southern Piedmont and in Coastal Plain Watersheds of Georgia

Jenkins

Liotta

Lucio‐Forster

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Waste lagoons of swine operations are a source of Cryptosporidium oocysts. Few studies, however, have reported on oocyst concentrations in swine waste lagoons; none have reported on oocyst viability status, nor has there been a systematic assessment of species/genotype distributions across different types of swine facilities. Ten swine waste lagoons associated with farrowing, nursery, finishing, and gestation operations were each sampled once a month for a year. Oocysts were extracted from triplicate 900-ml effluent samples, enumerated by microscopy, and assessed for viability by dye exclusion/vital stain assay. DNA was extracted from processed samples, and 18S ribosomal DNA (rDNA) genes were amplified by PCR and sequenced for species and genotype identification. Oocysts were observed at each sampling time at each lagoon. Annual mean concentrations of total oocysts and viable oocysts ranged between 24 and 51 and between 0.6 and 12 oocysts ml ؊1 effluent, respectively. The species and genotype distributions were dominated (95 to 100%) by Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium pig genotype II, the latter of which was found at eight of the lagoons. The lagoon at the gestation facility was dominated by Cryptosporidium muris (90%), and one farrowing facility showed a mix of pig genotypes, Cryptosporidium muris, and various genotypes of C. parvum. The zoonotic C. parvum bovine genotype was observed five times out of 407 18S rDNA sequences analyzed. Our results indicate that pigs can have mixed Cryptosporidium infections, but infection with C. suis is likely to be dominant.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Concentrations, Viability, and Distribution of Cryptosporidium Genotypes in Lagoons of Swine Facilities in the Southern Piedmont and in Coastal Plain Watersheds of Georgia

Jenkins

Liotta

Lucio‐Forster

et al. 2010

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Cryptosporidium oocysts are resistant to standard chlorination, may prevail in water environments, and some species have the ability to infect various animals species. Cryptosporidia are recognized as important parasitic protozoa causing asymptomatic to severe intestinal infections of animals and humans, depending on various factors including the immunological capabilities of their host (Vítovec et al 2006;Hamnes et al 2007;Langkjaer et al 2007;Zintl et al 2007;Armson et al 2009;Ryan and Xiao 2009;Chen et al 2011;Budu-Amoako et al 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cryptosporidium suis (previously known as pig genotype I) and Cryptosporidium scrofarum (previously known as pig genotype II) are commonly detected in pigs, and have been shown to be host specific (Morgan et al 1998;Enemark et al 2003;Guselle et al 2003;Ryan et al 2003Ryan et al , 2004Xiao et al 2006;Hamnes et al 2007;Langkjaer et al 2007;Suárez-Luengas et al 2007;Johnson et al 2008;McCarthy et al 2008;Vítovec et al 2006;Kváč et al 2013). Natural porcine cryptosporidiosis has then been reported worldwide with the infection rates ranging between 0 and 87.5 % (Quílez et al 1996;Chen and Huang 2007;Hamnes et al 2007;Langkjaer et al 2007;Suárez-Luengas et al 2007;Yatswako et al 2007;Zintl et al 2007;Johnson et al 2008;Armson et al 2009;Kváč et al 2009a, c;Ryan and Xiao 2009;Budu-Amoako et al 2012;Chen et al 2011;Jeníková et al 2011;Nguyen et al 2012a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium scrofarum on commercial swine farms in the Czech Republic and its associations with age and husbandry practices

Němejc¹,

Sak²,

Květoňová³

et al. 2012

Parasitol Res

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From 2009 to 2011, the occurrence of Cryptosporidium spp. was investigated on 22 farms in the Czech Republic. A total of 1,620 individual faecal samples of pigs of all age categories (preweaned, starters, pre-growers, growers, and sows) were evaluated for presence of Cryptosporidium spp. by standard microscopy and molecular tools. Genotyping was done through PCR amplification and characterization of the SSU rRNA (species-specific protocols) and GP60 loci. Cryptosporidium spp. was found on 16 of 22 farms with a range 0.9-71.4 %. Overall, 194 (12 %) specimens were positive by microscopy and 353 (21.8 %) by PCR. While RFLP and direct sequencing of the PCR-amplified products showed presence of Cryptosporidium suis (142), kvac@centrum.cz. HHS Public Access Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAuthor Manuscript Author ManuscriptCryptosporidium scrofarum (195), Cryptosporidium muris (3) and 13 samples had mixed infections with C. suis and C. scrofarum, species-specific molecular tools identified C. suis (224), C. scrofarum (208), Cryptosporidium parvum subtype IIa A16G1R1b (1), and C. muris (3). In addition, a total of 82 pigs had concurrent infections with C. suis and C. scrofarum. The analysis by age showed that C. suis was primarily detected among pre-weaned, whereas C. scrofarum was mostly detected among starters, especially those weaned at a younger age. Moreover, C. scrofarum never has been detected in animals younger than 6 weeks of age. Also, piglets weaned at 3 weeks of age were twice more likely to be infected with C. scrofarum than piglets weaned at an older age. Pigs raised on straw bedding were more likely to have Cryptosporidium than pigs raised on slats/slurry systems. The infections with different species were not associated with loose faeces or intensity of oocyst shedding, even when comparing different age groups.

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“…Pigs are natural hosts for both C. suis and C. scrofarum (previously known as Cryptosporidium pig genotype II) (Vítovec et al 2006, Hamnes et al 2007). The infections caused by these parasites were reported in pigs in Europe with a herd prevalence from 1.4% to 62.5% depending on the age of the tested animals (Wieler et al 2001, Mišić et al 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular studies on pig cryptosporidiosis in Poland

Rzeżutka¹,

Kaupke²,

Kozyra³

et al. 2014

Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences

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Cryptosporidium intestinal parasites have been detected in farmed pigs worldwide. Infections are usually asymptomatic with a low number of oocysts shed in pig feces. This makes the recognition of infection difficult or unsuccessful when microscopic methods are used. The aim of this study was molecular identification of Cryptosporidium species in pig herds raised in Poland with regard to the occurrence of zoonotic species. In total, 166 pig fecal samples were tested. The examined pigs were aged 1 to 20 weeks. Overall, 39 pig farms were monitored for parasite presence. The detection and identification of Cryptosporidium DNA was performed on the basis of PCR-RFLP and nucleotide sequence analysis of the amplified 18 SSU rRNA and COWP gene fragments. Infected animals were housed in 21 (53.8%) of the pig farms monitored. The presence of Cryptosporidum was confirmed in 46 (27.7%) samples of pig feces. Among positive fecal samples, 34 (29.3%) were collected from healthy animals, and 12 (24%) from diarrheic pigs. Most infected animals (42.1%) were 2 to 3 months old. The following parasite species were detected: C. scrofarum, C. suis and C. parvum. Indeed, asymptomatic infections caused by C. scrofarum were observed in the majority of the herds. Mixed infections caused by C. suis and C. scrofarum were not common; however, they were observed in 8.6% of the positive animals. C. parvum DNA was found only in one sample collected from a diarrheic pig. The application of molecular diagnostic tools allowed for detection and identification of Cryptosporidium species in pigs. The sporadic findings of C. parvum are subsequent evidence for the contribution of pigs in the transmission of cryptosporidiosis from animals to humans.

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Prevalence and Pathogenicity of Cryptosporidium suis in Pre‐ and Post‐weaned Pigs

Cited by 48 publications

References 26 publications

Concentrations, Viability, and Distribution of Cryptosporidium Genotypes in Lagoons of Swine Facilities in the Southern Piedmont and in Coastal Plain Watersheds of Georgia

Concentrations, Viability, and Distribution of Cryptosporidium Genotypes in Lagoons of Swine Facilities in the Southern Piedmont and in Coastal Plain Watersheds of Georgia

Occurrence of Cryptosporidium suis and Cryptosporidium scrofarum on commercial swine farms in the Czech Republic and its associations with age and husbandry practices

Molecular studies on pig cryptosporidiosis in Poland

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