Prevalence and Pattern of Geographic Atrophy in Asia

Rim, Tyler Hyungtaek; Kawasaki, Ryo; Tham, Yih‐Chung; Kang, Se Woong; Ruamviboonsuk, Paisan; Бикбов, М.М.; Miyake, Masahiro; Hao, Jie; Fletcher, Astrid; Sasaki, Mariko; Nangia, Vinay; Sabanayagam, Charumathi; Yu, Marco; Fujiwara, Kohta; Thapa, Raba; Wong, Ian Yh; Kayama, Takamasa; Chen, Shih‐Jen; Kuang, Tung-Mei; Yamashita, Hidetoshi; Sundaresan, Periasamy; Chan, Jonathan C.H.; Rens, Ger H. M. B. van; Sonoda, Koh-Hei; Wang, Ya Xing; Panda‐Jonas, Songhomitra; Harada, Sei; Ramasamy, Kim; Ganesan, Suganeswari; Raman, Rajiv; Yamashiro, Kenji; Gilmanshin, Timur R.; Jenchitr, Watanee; Park, Kyu Hyung; Cheung, Chui Ming Gemmy; Wong, Tien Yin; Wang, Ke; Jonas, Jost B.; Chakravarthy, Usha; Cheng, Ching-Yu; Yanagi, Yasuo; Saenmee, Achareeya; Cao, Kai; George, Ronnie; Kazakbaeva, Gyulli; Khalimov, T.A.; Khanna, Rohit C; Kim, Hyun Woong; Kulothungan, Vaitheeswaran; Nangia, Prabhat; Mao, Feifei; Matsuda, Fumihiko; Meng, Qianli; Namba, Hiroyuki; Pokawattana, Nattapol; Oh, Jaeryung; Park, Sang Jun; Ravindran, Ravilla D.; Sharma, Tarun; Shin, Jae Pil; Surya, Janani; Takahashi, Ayako; Takebayashi, Toru; Tsujikawa, Akitaka; Vashist, Praveen; Wei, Wen Bin; Yang, Xiaohui; Yu, Seung-Young; Зайнуллин, Р.М.; Zhao, Pei

doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.04.019

Cited by 38 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…The novel finding of the current study should be replicated in other cohorts and large epidemiologic consortiums, such as the European Eye Epidemiology Consortium 44 and the Asian Eye Epidemiology Consortium. 45 Pachychoroid is characterized not only by choroidal thickness, but also by dilation of choroidal vessels. 37,42 Several methods for quantifying choroidal vessel dilation have been proposed to improve our understanding of the choroidal structure in more detail.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Choroidal Thickness and Choroidal Vessel Dilation in Healthy Japanese Individuals

Mori

Miyake

Hosoda

et al. 2021

Ophthalmology Science

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Purpose: To report fundamental epidemiologic data for choroidal parameters such as choroidal thickness and index of choroidal vascularity in Japanese individuals and to evaluate their correlations with age, sex, systemic parameters, and other ocular parameters.Design: Population-based cohort study.Participants: A total of 9850 individuals participated in the first follow-up of the Nagahama Prospective Cohort for Comprehensive Human Bioscience (the Nagahama Study) conducted between 2013 and 2016.Methods: All participants underwent standardized ophthalmic examinations, including OCT with enhanced depth imaging (EDI; RS-3000 Advance; Nidek). We manually segmented the choroidoscleral interface to measure subfoveal choroidal thickness (SFCT) and calculated the normalized choroidal intensity obtained with EDI (NCI EDI ) and choroidal vascularity index (CVI). These are indices of choroidal brightness in OCT and reportedly represent the dilation of choroidal vessels. After summarizing the age-sex stratified distributions of SFCT, NCI EDI , and CVI, their associations with age, sex, axial length (AL), and spherical equivalent (SE) were evaluated using linear regression analysis with adjustments for possible confounders.Main Outcome Measures: Distribution of SFCT, NCI EDI , and CVI in the healthy Japanese population and their characteristics.Results: Age-sex standardized SFCT, NCI EDI , and CVI were 291.2 mm, 0.653, and 66.88%, respectively. In both men and women, SFCT was associated negatively with age (P < 0.001) and NCI EDI was associated positively with age (P < 0.001). Although both SFCT and NCI EDI did not differ significantly between men and women overall (P ¼ 0.87 and P ¼ 0.21, respectively), among younger participants (35e50 years of age), men showed significantly greater SFCT than women (P < 0.001). Only in men was CVI associated positively with age (P < 0.001). In the multivariable analysis, SFCT was associated significantly with age, sex, AL, SE, and the interaction term of age and sex (P < 0.001). Independent of SFCT, NCI EDI and CVI were associated significantly with age (P < 0.001).Conclusions: We report normative Japanese SFCT, NCI EDI , and CVI data using a large general Japanese cohort. The association analysis of SFCT with NCI EDI and CVI suggested that younger individuals have a more lumen-rich choroid for their choroidal thickness than older individuals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of Choroidal Thickness and Choroidal Vessel Dilation in Healthy Japanese Individuals

Mori

Miyake

Hosoda

et al. 2021

Ophthalmology Science

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“…Racial and ethnic differences in AMD have been recognized between Western and Asian populations. Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is more common in Asians [ 26 ] than in Whites, and geographic atrophy is more frequent in Whites than in Asians [ 98 ]. Such differences are also seen in the early stage.…”

Section: Toward Refined Amd Classifications: a Proposal Of A New Clas...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Stages of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Racial/Ethnic Differences and Proposal of a New Classification Incorporating Emerging Concept of Choroidal Pathology

Sasaki

Kawasaki

Yanagi

2022

JCM

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The progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is determined by environmental and genetic factors, and phenotypic or molecular risk factors have been investigated extensively. Interestingly, risk factor profiles for advanced AMD differ among individuals, and one of the causes of variation may be explained by their ethnic background. Recent advances in retinal imaging technology have led to the identification of previously unrecognized risk factors for advanced AMD on optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography, which expands the concept of traditional imaging risk factors such as drusen and pigmentary abnormalities visible on color fundus photographs. This OCT imaging modality has identified novel pathognomonic changes for early AMD, including the associated photoreceptor, retinal pigment epithelium, and underlying choroidal changes. Regarding features of multimodal imaging associated with the presence or progression of geographic atrophy, there is an international expert consensus classification system; however, features associated with the progression of macular neovascularization (MNV) are still obscure. To make a consensus towards understanding features associated with the risk of MNV, this review focuses on the early stages of AMD by summarizing imaging characteristics and early signs and classifications in view of advanced multimodal imaging technology. Recent evidence suggests that neovascular AMD is not a single disease entity but a heterogeneous disease characterized by MNV. Besides drusen, OCT features associated with pigment abnormalities, such as shallow irregular RPE elevation (SIRE, also known as double-layer sign), pachychoroid pigment epitheliopathy, and choriocapillaris ischemia, seem to confer a high risk of MNV developing, especially for Asian populations.

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“…Retinal degeneration is the leading cause of central vision loss among the elderly population [ 1 , 2 ]. A systematic literature review further indicated the significance of this condition from a global perspective and predicted its increasing prevalence due to the exponential ageing of the population [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inhibition of DUSP6 Activates Autophagy and Rescues the Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Sodium Iodate-Induced Retinal Degeneration Models In Vivo and In Vitro

et al. 2022

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Autophagy plays a protective role in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) by eliminating damaged organelles in response to reactive oxygen species (ROS). Dual-specificity protein phosphatase 6 (DUSP6), which belongs to the DUSP subfamily, works as a negative-feedback regulator of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. However, the complex interplay between DUSP6 and autophagy induced by ROS in RPE is yet to be investigated. To investigate the relationship between DUSP6 and autophagy, we exposed the ARPE-19 cell line and C57BL/6N mice to sodium iodate (NaIO3) as an oxidative stress inducer. Our data showed that the inhibition of DUSP6 activity promotes autophagy flux through the ERK pathway via the upregulation of immunoblotting expression in ARPE-19 cells. Live imaging showed a significant increase in autophagic flux activities, which suggested the restoration autophagy after treatment with the DUSP6 inhibitor. Furthermore, the mouse RPE layer exhibited an irregular structure and abnormal deposits following NaIO3 injection. The retina layer was recovered after being treated with DUSP6 inhibitor; this suggests that DUSP6 inhibitor can rescue retinal damage by restoring the mouse retina’s autophagy flux. This study suggests that the upregulation of DUSP6 can cause autophagy flux malfunctions in the RPE. The DUSP6 inhibitor can restore autophagy induction, which may serve as a potential therapeutic approach for retinal degeneration disease.

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Prevalence and Pattern of Geographic Atrophy in Asia

Cited by 38 publications

References 57 publications

Distribution of Choroidal Thickness and Choroidal Vessel Dilation in Healthy Japanese Individuals

Distribution of Choroidal Thickness and Choroidal Vessel Dilation in Healthy Japanese Individuals

Early Stages of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Racial/Ethnic Differences and Proposal of a New Classification Incorporating Emerging Concept of Choroidal Pathology

Inhibition of DUSP6 Activates Autophagy and Rescues the Retinal Pigment Epithelium in Sodium Iodate-Induced Retinal Degeneration Models In Vivo and In Vitro

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