Prevalence and Patterns of Physical Restraint Use in the Acute Care Setting

Minnick, Ann F.; Mion, Lorraine C.; Leipzig, Rosanne M.; Lamb, Karen; Palmer, Robert M.

doi:10.1097/00005110-199811000-00007

Cited by 102 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…2,[10][11][12][13] In previous studies, 2,10 the frequency of physical restraint was estimated by using surveys, a method that may be subject to bias. In observational studies [11][12][13][14] in which patients were individually examined, few different centers or ICUs were included. A recent French investigation 10 indicated that in 82% of ICUs, physical restraint was used at least once during mechanical ventilation in more than 50% of the patients.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Physical Restraints in Dutch Intensive Care Units: A Prospective Multicenter Study

Kooi

Peelen

Raijmakers

et al. 2015

American Journal of Critical Care

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Background Increasing evidence indicates that harmful effects are associated with the use of physical restraint. Objectives To characterize the use of physical restraint in intensive care units. Prevalence, adherence to protocols, and correlates of the use of physical restraint were determined. For comparisons between ICUs, adjustments were made for differences in patients' characteristics. Methods A prospective, cross-sectional, observational multicenter study with a representative sample (n = 25) of all Dutch intensive care units, ranging from local hospitals to academic centers. Each unit was visited twice, and all 379 patients admitted during these visits were included and were examined for use of physical restraint. Results Physical restraint was used in 23% of all patients (range, 0%-56% for different units). Of all 346 nurses interviewed, 31% reported using a protocol when applying physical restraint. When corrections were made for clustering within units, the risk for use of physical restraint was increased in patients with delirium or coma, in patients who could not communicate verbally, and in patients receiving psychoactive or sedative medications. Sex, severity of illness, and nurse to patient ratio were not independently related to use of physical restraint. In 11 units (44%), use of physical restraint was more frequent than expected on the basis of patients' characteristics, although this finding was not significant. Conclusions Physical restraint is frequently used in Dutch intensive care units. The differences in frequency between units suggest that opportunities exist to limit the use of physical restraint.

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confidence: 99%

Use of Physical Restraints in Dutch Intensive Care Units: A Prospective Multicenter Study

Kooi

Peelen

Raijmakers

et al. 2015

American Journal of Critical Care

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“…Physical restraints are indicated for patient safety and avoiding falls, but the most widespread reason is to put off the taking away of invasive tubes and devices (Fletcher, 1996;Cruz et al, 1997;Minnick et al, 1998;Happ, 2000;Choi and Song 2003). Patients might need repeatedly to be self-extubated while patients was physically restrained (Balon 2001) and restrained patients of self-extubation rate were 77% (Birkett et al, 2005) .…”

Section: Indications and Contraindicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The most common restraint devices are wrist restraints (Minnick et al, 1998, Happ, 2000, ankle restraint (Demir, 2007a) and chest or waist restraints (Carrion et al, 2000;Demir, 2007a). Boxing gloves or mittens, involved wrapping the hands in bandages to prevent free use of the fingers (Fletcher, 1996;Nirmalan et al, 2004), therefore preventing the patient from grabbing and pulling at tubes and lines (Demir, 2007a), are also popular.…”

Section: The Use Of Physical Restraint In Critical Carementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Physical Restraints in Neurosurgery: Guide for a Good Practice

Demir¹

2012

Explicative Cases of Controversial Issues in Neurosurgery

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“…nick, Mion, Leipzig, Lamb, & Palmer, 1998), 우리나라의 경 우도 일반병동에서는 3.5%, 중환자실에서는 33.8%의 환자가 억제대를 사용하는 것으로 나타났다 (Kim et al, 2000).…”

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Development and Testing of an Instrument to Measure Family's Emotional Response toward Physically Restrained Patients

Lee

Kang

2008

J Korean Acad Nurs

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Purpose: This was a methodological research to develop an instrument to assess the emotional response of family members of physically restrained patients. Methods: A primary instrument with 68 questions was developed based on literature review and semi-structured interviews with family members. A group of experts revised individual questions and removed 4 irrelevant questions. This secondary instrument, then, was tested with 199 family members of physically restrained patients in intensive care units of a university hospital. The validity and reliability of the instrument were tested by factor analysis. Results: After item analysis, 3 questions with a correlation coefficient under .30 were discarded and the questions with a factor loading under .45 on Varimax Rotation were also removed. After factor analysis on the final 37 questions, 7 factors were identified; avoidance, shock, helplessness, grudge, depression, anxiousness, and acceptance. The total variance explained was 55.63%. The reliability of this instrument was 0.93 of Cronbach's alpha. Conclusion: This instrument was statistically reliable and valid to measure family's emotional response to physical restraints of the patients. This instrument can be useful in assessing the effects of nursing interventions for family members of restrained patients.

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Prevalence and Patterns of Physical Restraint Use in the Acute Care Setting

Cited by 102 publications

References 8 publications

Use of Physical Restraints in Dutch Intensive Care Units: A Prospective Multicenter Study

Use of Physical Restraints in Dutch Intensive Care Units: A Prospective Multicenter Study

Use of Physical Restraints in Neurosurgery: Guide for a Good Practice

Development and Testing of an Instrument to Measure Family's Emotional Response toward Physically Restrained Patients

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