Prevalence and persistence of gymnodimines in clams from the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia) studied by mouse bioassay and LC–MS/MS

Naila, Idriss Ben; Hamza, Asma; Gdoura, Radhouane; Diogène, Jorge; Iglesia, Pablo de la

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2012.04.004

Cited by 33 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…As we noted in the Results section, peaks distinct from those of the GYM-A standard appeared in the chromatogram with the same spectrum as GYM-A, although with RTs indicative of their more lipophilic nature. A similar profile was observed by Naila et al (2012) in clams from the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia), related to blooms of K. selliformis. The authors hypothesized that it was a new isomer of GYM-A or a derivative or weakly bonded aggregate that releases free GYM-A in the ion source.…”

Section: Gym Compounds In a Ostenfeldiisupporting

confidence: 79%

Differences in the toxin profiles of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) strains isolated from different geographic origins: Evidence of paralytic toxin, spirolide, and gymnodimine

Salgado

Riobó

Rodrı́guez

et al. 2015

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Among toxin-producing dinoflagellates of the genus Alexandrium, Alexandrium ostenfeldii is the only species able to produce paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins, spirolides (SPXs) and gymnodimines (GYMs). In this study we characterized and compared three A. ostenfeldii strains isolated from the Baltic, Mediterranean, and southern Chile Seas with respect to their toxin profiles, morphology, and phylogeny. Toxin analyses by HPLC-FD and LC-HRMS revealed differences in the toxin profiles of the three strains. The PSP toxin profiles of the southern Chile and Baltic strains were largely the same and included gonyautoxin (GTX)-3, GTX-2, and saxitoxin (STX), although the total PSP toxin content of the Chilean strain (105.83 ± 72.15 pg cell(-1)) was much higher than that of the Baltic strain (4.04 ± 1.93 pg cell(-1)). However, the Baltic strain was the only strain that expressed detectable amounts of analogues of GYM-A and GYM-B/-C (48.27 ± 26.12 pg GYM-A equivalents cell(-1)). The only toxin expressed by the Mediterranean strain was 13-desmethyl SPX-C (13dMeC; 2.85 ± 4.76 pg cell(-1)). Phylogenetic analysis based on the LSU rRNA showed that the studied strains belonged to distinct molecular clades. The toxin profiles determined in this study provide further evidence of the taxonomic complexity of this species.

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Section: Gym Compounds In a Ostenfeldiisupporting

confidence: 79%

Differences in the toxin profiles of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) strains isolated from different geographic origins: Evidence of paralytic toxin, spirolide, and gymnodimine

Salgado

Riobó

Rodrı́guez

et al. 2015

Toxicon

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“…However, the mass spectrometric fragmentation patterns differed from those expected for gymnodimine B/C based on reports from literature (Ben Naila et al, 2012). Several product ions, such as m/z 496, 346, and 316 (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…The hydroxylated analogues, gymnodimine B (3) and C (4), have also been isolated from K. selliformis (Miles et al, 2000(Miles et al, , 2003. These gymnodimines can be present in filter-feeding shellfish throughout the year, and have been detected in large quantities in coastal waters of New Zealand (Stirling, 2001) and Tunisia (Bire et al, 2002;Ben Naila et al, 2012) after prolonged blooms of K. selliformis. Recently, 12-methylgymnodimine (5) was isolated from A. ostenfeldii originating from estuaries at the U.S. East Coast, which was the first report of gymnodimines in Alexandrium or any other dinoflagellate species besides K. selliformis (Van Wagoner et al, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of gymnodimine D and presence of gymnodimine variants in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii from the Baltic Sea

Harju

Koskela

Kremp

et al. 2016

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a b s t r a c tGymnodimines are lipophilic toxins produced by the marine dinoflagellates Karenia selliformis and Alexandrium ostenfeldii. Currently four gymnodimine analogues are known and characterized. Here we describe a novel gymnodimine and a range of gymnodimine related compounds found in an A. ostenfeldii isolate from the northern Baltic Sea. Gymnodimine D (1) was extracted and purified from clonal cultures, and characterized by liquid chromatographyetandem mass spectrometry (LCeMS/MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and liquid chromatographyehigh resolution mass spectrometry (LC eHRMS) experiments. The structure of 1 is related to known gymnodimines (2e5) with a six-membered cyclic imine ring and several other fragments typical of gymnodimines. However, the carbon chain in the gymnodimine macrocyclic ring differs from the known gymnodimines in having two tetrahydrofuran rings in the macrocyclic ring.

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“…In Tunisia, toxic blooms were responsible for heavy fish mortality in the Gulf of Gabès (South Tunisia) in 1995. Most of the toxicity episodes in Tunisian waters involving a breach of water quality standards for coastal waters in the last 6 years appear to be linked to Karenia selliformis, Alexandrium minutum, Coolia monotis and Karlodinium veneficum proliferations (Ben Naila et al, 2012). In November 2007, a bloom of Alexandrium catenella was recorded in Bizerte Lagoon, with observed cell concentrations of up to 20 Â 10 4 cells L À1 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution of resting cysts of the potentially toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax in recently-deposited sediment within Bizerte Lagoon (Mediterranean coast, Tunisia)

Triki

Daly-Yahia

Malouche³

et al. 2014

Marine Pollution Bulletin

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a b s t r a c tThis study investigated the spatial distribution of Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax resting cysts in recentlydeposited sediment of Bizerte lagoon (South-Western Mediterranean, Tunisia). This lagoon is the subject of many anthropogenic impacts, such as holding important fishing and aquaculture activities. A. pseudogonyaulax has been shown to produce Goniodomin A, which is a biologically-active compound. We showed that this dinoflagellate produces two types of resting cysts, which could be distinguished by the presence or the absence of a paratabulate wall. The average cyst density across the whole lagoon was rather high, reaching 639 cysts g À1 of dry sediment (DS). Cyst densities varied widely among the sampled stations, with the highest density of 1685 cyst g À1 DS being recorded at station 51 near a mussel farm. With respect to sediment characteristics, the highest cyst densities were found within silty sediments with high water content values. The distribution of A. pseudongoyaulax cysts in Bizerte lagoon appears to be related to hydrodynamic factors.

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Prevalence and persistence of gymnodimines in clams from the Gulf of Gabes (Tunisia) studied by mouse bioassay and LC–MS/MS

Cited by 33 publications

References 36 publications

Differences in the toxin profiles of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) strains isolated from different geographic origins: Evidence of paralytic toxin, spirolide, and gymnodimine

Differences in the toxin profiles of Alexandrium ostenfeldii (Dinophyceae) strains isolated from different geographic origins: Evidence of paralytic toxin, spirolide, and gymnodimine

Identification of gymnodimine D and presence of gymnodimine variants in the dinoflagellate Alexandrium ostenfeldii from the Baltic Sea

Distribution of resting cysts of the potentially toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium pseudogonyaulax in recently-deposited sediment within Bizerte Lagoon (Mediterranean coast, Tunisia)

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